以保護(hù)為導(dǎo)向的無(wú)居民海島開(kāi)發(fā)管理利用現(xiàn)狀與實(shí)施路徑

中圖分類(lèi)號(hào)：X321 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)志碼：A 文章編號(hào)：1004-6755（2025）08-0079-04

Abstract：Islands are important bases and natural barriers for sustainable development of China's oceans.There are a large number of uninhabited islands in China's waters，which are not only the forefront of China's national defense and security，but also an important part of China's marine ecosystem. At the same time，they are also areas with great potential for economic and social development that need to be developed. In order to implement the national defense and security strategy，scientifically carry out spatial planning and development of uninhabited islands，protect islands and their ecosystems，and analyze the basic situation and current development and utilization status of uninhabited islands in China，as well as the strategy and value of developing uninhabited islands in China，an effective path for implementing a protection oriented strategy for the development and utilization of uninhabited islands has been summarized.

Key words：ecological conservation; uninhabited islands; regulatory planning management

我國(guó)作為一個(gè)海洋大國(guó)，海域廣闊，擁有眾多的海島。無(wú)居民海島兼具自然資源的固有屬性及戰(zhàn)略資源的國(guó)土安全意義，2010年《中華人民共和國(guó)海島保護(hù)法》的實(shí)施，為推進(jìn)無(wú)居民海島的開(kāi)發(fā)利用及生態(tài)保護(hù)提供了法律政策保障，也為無(wú)居民海島的宏觀(guān)有序管理及規(guī)制的具體落實(shí)提供了頂層依據(jù)。

海島是海洋的重要組成部分，在海洋生態(tài)系統(tǒng)中發(fā)揮著不可替代的作用。我國(guó)海島生物種類(lèi)繁多，依托海島形成了具有相對(duì)獨(dú)立的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)和特殊生境。無(wú)居民海島數(shù)量眾多，但因面積狹小，生態(tài)系統(tǒng)極其脆弱，一旦破壞很難恢復(fù)。21世紀(jì)是無(wú)居民海島的世紀(jì)，無(wú)居民海島由其特殊的資源優(yōu)勢(shì)和地理區(qū)位，開(kāi)發(fā)使用價(jià)值日益受到重視，對(duì)其開(kāi)發(fā)使用行為也日漸增多，粗放、無(wú)序、無(wú)度的開(kāi)發(fā)嚴(yán)重威脅著無(wú)居民海島的生態(tài)資源系統(tǒng)[1。當(dāng)前，我國(guó)進(jìn)入全面開(kāi)發(fā)利用海洋的新階段，對(duì)無(wú)居民海島進(jìn)行科學(xué)的開(kāi)發(fā)利用，不僅可以發(fā)展我國(guó)的海洋經(jīng)濟(jì)，助力推動(dòng)建設(shè)海洋強(qiáng)國(guó)，而且可以保護(hù)無(wú)居民海島及其周?chē)Ｓ虻纳鷳B(tài)環(huán)境。本文基于我國(guó)無(wú)居民海島的基本情況和開(kāi)發(fā)利用現(xiàn)狀，對(duì)我國(guó)無(wú)居民海島開(kāi)發(fā)利用的戰(zhàn)略和價(jià)值進(jìn)行了分析，提出了實(shí)施以保護(hù)為導(dǎo)向的無(wú)居民海島開(kāi)發(fā)利用策略的有效路徑。

1當(dāng)前我國(guó)無(wú)居民海島的基本狀況和開(kāi)發(fā)利用現(xiàn)狀

1.1我國(guó)無(wú)居民海島的基本狀況

我國(guó)海域遼闊，眾多的島嶼構(gòu)成了我國(guó)國(guó)防安全的前沿陣地及橋頭堡。……