

摘 要: 對于消費社會中欲望的研究是西方馬克思主義研究的重要話題。鮑德里亞和拉康對欲望的分析是從符號秩序的角度展開,欲望受符號秩序支配且符號化,同時欲望的構建以范例為參照,主體欲望實為大他者的欲望。但是鮑德里亞未能深入分析消費社會中的“暴力”問題,故將暴力融入拉康的欲望圖之中,認為暴力源自符號秩序的匱乏與對對象 “a”永遠失落的欲望對象的替代性滿足,并從實在界的角度為消費社會中欲望的辯證法作出補充。該研究以拉康精神分析話語解讀鮑德里亞的消費欲望,為消費社會中欲望的闡釋提供新視角,并回應鮑德里亞后期思想中主體消失的僵局,有助于更全面地闡述消費社會的欲望。
關鍵詞: 鮑德里亞;拉康;消費社會;欲望;精神分析;物
中圖分類號: B51
文獻標志碼: A
文章編號: 1673-3851 (2025) 02-0060-07
The frenzy of failure: A Lacanian interpretation of Baudrillard′s
desire to consume
MENG" Zekun, WANG" Jian
(Department of Philosophy, Xi′an Jiaotong University, Xi′an 710000, China)
Abstract: "The study of desire in consumer society is an important topic in Western Marxism. Baudrillard and Lacan′s analysis of desire is carried out from the point of view of the symbolic order, desire is dominated and symbolized by the symbolic order. In the meanwhile, the construction of desire is based on the example, and the subject desire is actually the desire of the greater other. However, Baudrillard failed to deeply analyze the problem of \"violence\" in consumer society. In this paper, \"violence\" is integrated into Lacan′s desire diagram, and the study believes that violence is derived from the lack of symbolic order and the vicariously satisfied object \"a\"the forever lost object of desire, and it supplements the dialectics of desire in consumer society from the perspective of reality. This article interprets Baudrillard′s consumer desire with Lacan′s psychoanalytic discourse, provides a new perspective for the interpretation of desire in consumer society, and responds to the deadlock of the disappearance of the subject in Baudrillard′s later thought, which helps to explain the desire of consumer society more comprehensively.
Key words: Baudrillard; Lacan; consumer society; desire; psychoanalysis; thing
馬克思通過對資本主義生產方式的考察,不僅從商品角度出發(fā)揭示了資本主義生產方式中的固有矛盾,而且論證了消費是資本積累的必要環(huán)節(jié)。對于消費與需求的研究也是西方馬克思主義研究的重要話題,例如德波認為作為景觀的商品“不斷制造的偽需求來代替人類最初需求的滿足”[1]。現(xiàn)階段,學界對鮑德里亞思想的研究分為前期與后期兩個方面。其前期的思想關注“消費社會批判理論,著眼于當代消費社會的現(xiàn)實情況,通過對‘物’的分析,從日常生活領域出發(fā),對當代消費文化和資本主義思想做出了猛烈激進的批判分析”[2]。……