
















摘" 要: 在當前直流電機控制系統中,通常采用傳統PID算法來對電機進行控制和調節,但這一方法存在調節時間過長和超調量過大等問題。為此,提出一種基于模糊自適應PID算法的直流電機控制設計。在傳統PID算法的基礎上引入模糊控制理論,并借鑒專家經驗和規則庫,使PID算法中的3個參數能夠跟隨電機的實際運行狀態進行實時調整,達到最優控制。實驗結果表明,與傳統PID算法和模糊PID算法相比,模糊自適應PID算法下的電機轉速曲線更平滑、調節時間更短、超調量更小,具有更好的實時性和魯棒性,能滿足工控領域要求。
關鍵詞: 模糊控制; 自適應PID; 直流電機控制; 專家經驗; 超調量; 觸發器; 轉速測試
中圖分類號: TN761?34; TP242" " " " " " " " " "文獻標識碼: A" " " " " " " " " " " 文章編號: 1004?373X(2025)02?0103?06
Design of DC motor control based on fuzzy adaptive PID algorithm
ZHU Rongtao, HE Zhaoxia, WANG Teng, CHEN Xixiang
(College of Arts amp; Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434020, China)
Abstract: In the current DC motor control system, traditional PID algorithm is usually used to control and adjust the motor, but this method has problems such as long adjustment time and excessive overshoot. On this basis, a DC motor control based on fuzzy adaptive PID algorithm is proposed. On the basis of traditional PID algorithm, fuzzy control theory is introduced, and expert experience and rule library are referenced to enable the three parameters in the PID algorithm to be adjusted in real time according to the actual operating state of the motor, realizing the optimal control. The experimental results show that, in comparison with traditional PID algorithm and fuzzy PID algorithm, the fuzzy adaptive PID algorithm has smoother motor speed curve, shorter adjustment time, smaller overshoot, better real?time performance and robustness, and can meet the requirements of the industrial control field.
Keywords: fuzzy control; adaptive PID; DC motor control; expert experience; overshoot; trigger; speed test
0" 引" 言
隨著社會的發展和科技的進步,直流電機在工業和農業領域中得到了廣泛的應用,與此同時對直流電機的控制效果也有了更高的要求。在直流電機控制系統中,特別重視電機轉速的變化情況,如電機突然高速正轉或高速反轉,以及電機突然由高速正轉變為高速反轉時,電機響應是否及時、調節時間是否更短、轉速變化是否平穩等都是衡量控制系統好壞的重要指標,也是當前重要和熱門的研究方向之一。影響電機轉速的因素很多,如轉動慣量、電磁轉矩、負載轉矩、電壓、勵磁磁通等,且電機轉速的過渡過程是非穩態的。傳統PID算法在直流調速系統存在轉向調節時間長、響應滯后、超調過大等問題,本文提出一種基于模糊自適應PID算法的控制器來解決這些問題。……