





【摘要】針對所有傳輸流量采用最短路徑時,網(wǎng)絡(luò)可調(diào)度性降低的問題,提出了一種針對時間觸發(fā)流的流屬性感知評估函數(shù)和冗余路由調(diào)度方法。該方法通過啟發(fā)式算法求解評估函數(shù)最大的路由方案,利用整數(shù)線性規(guī)劃求解調(diào)度。仿真驗證結(jié)果表明:在面向區(qū)域的電子電氣架構(gòu)網(wǎng)絡(luò)拓撲中,相較于K最短路徑(KSP)、沖突程度(DoC)路由方案,所提出的方案在保證網(wǎng)絡(luò)可靠性的同時,調(diào)度成功率分別提升了38.9%和14%,進一步驗證了該方法的有效性。
主題詞:車載以太網(wǎng) 時間敏感網(wǎng)絡(luò) 路由調(diào)度 冗余
中圖分類號:U463.6" "文獻標志碼:A" "DOI: 10.19620/j.cnki.1000-3703.20240638
Flow Attribute-Aware Redundant Routing and Scheduling for Time-Triggered Flows in Time-Sensitive Networking
Zhong Xu, Zhu Yuan, Lu Ke
(Tongji University, Shanghai 201804)
【Abstract】To address the issue of reduced network schedulability when the shortest path is adopted for all transmission traffic, a flow attribute-aware evaluation function and redundant routing scheduling method for time-triggered flows are proposed. The heuristic algorithm is used to solve the routing scheme with the largest evaluation function, and the integer linear programming is used to solve the scheduling. The simulation experiment results demonstrate that, in the region-oriented electronic and electrical architecture network topology, compared with the K Shortest Path (KSP) and Degree of Conflict (DoC) routing schemes, the proposed scheme enhances the success rate of scheduling by 38.9% and 14% respectively while guaranteeing network reliability, and further validates the effectiveness of this method.
Key words: In-vehicle ethernet, Time-Sensitive Networking (TSN), Routing and scheduling, Redundant
【引用格式】 鐘旭, 朱元, 陸科. 時間敏感網(wǎng)絡(luò)中時間觸發(fā)流冗余路由與調(diào)度研究[J]. 汽車技術(shù), 2024(10): 38-42.
ZHONG X, ZHU Y, LU K. Flow Attribute-Aware Redundant Routing and Scheduling for Time-Triggered Flows in Time-Sensitive Networking[J]. Automobile Technology, 2024(10): 38-42.
1 前言
隨著高級駕駛輔助系統(tǒng)、自適應(yīng)前照燈系統(tǒng)等的廣泛應(yīng)用,以太網(wǎng)以其高帶寬被引入車載網(wǎng)絡(luò),然而傳統(tǒng)以太網(wǎng)采用盡力而為的傳輸機制,無法保證傳輸服務(wù)質(zhì)量(Quality of Service,QoS)[1]。因此,時間敏感網(wǎng)絡(luò)(Time-Sensitive Networking,TSN)作為傳統(tǒng)以太網(wǎng)的補充與增強,對車載以太網(wǎng)的確定性傳輸具有重要意義。
時間敏感網(wǎng)絡(luò)的4個關(guān)鍵領(lǐng)域為時間同步、端到端有界延遲、高可靠性及網(wǎng)絡(luò)管理[2]。TSN的通信流量依據(jù)QoS可分為3種類型,分別為時間觸發(fā)流(Time-Triggered,TT)、音頻視頻流(Audio Video Bridging,AVB)和盡力而為流(Best Effort,BE)[3-4]。其中,針對TT流和AVB流,TSN規(guī)定了不同的流量調(diào)度整形器以保證QoS。
IEEE 802.1 Qca推薦采用最短路徑作為路由方案,但過多流在同一路徑傳輸,增加了網(wǎng)絡(luò)擁塞的可能性,降低了可調(diào)度性[5]。IEEE 802.1 CB規(guī)定了一種幀復制與消除機制(Frame Replication and Elimination for Reliability,F(xiàn)RER),該機制采用多條不相交路徑傳輸同一份報文,實現(xiàn)了空間冗余與可靠性,但會導致網(wǎng)絡(luò)流量倍增。……