皖南地區桃樹常見病蟲害種類及綠色防控技術

摘要 本文基于實地調查和資料查閱，分析了皖南地區桃樹常見病蟲害的發病規律，在此基礎上分析了生態調控技術、理化誘控和科學用藥等病蟲害綠色防控手段。調查結果表明，皖南地區桃樹常見病蟲害包括蚜蟲、桃小食心蟲、桃蛀螟、流膠病、細菌性穿孔病和桃樹縮葉病等。生產上可通過清園修枝、地膜控草、樹干涂白、有機肥施用和果實套袋等生態調控技術，太陽能殺蟲燈誘殺、粘蟲色板及短穩桿菌等理化誘控技術，以及科學用藥技術等綠色防控技術降低蟲口密度、改善桃園氣候環境，對促進桃果提質增產增效，保證食品和生態安全起著積極作用。針對當前桃樹綠色防控技術發展現狀，提出出臺綠色防控補貼政策，開展綠色防控品牌建設，深入研究綠色防控模式，以及引入智能化監測、識別系統等策略，為皖南地區及相似氣候區域桃樹病蟲害綠色防控技術推廣應用提供參考。

關鍵詞 桃樹；病蟲害；生態調控；理化誘控；藥劑防治

中圖分類號 S662.1；S436.621" " 文獻標識碼 A" "文章編號 1007-7731（2024）14-0086-05

DOI號 10.16377/j.cnki.issn1007-7731.2024.14.019

Common diseases and insect pests of peach trees in southern Anhui Province and

its green prevention and control technology

WANG Xun" " QIAN Yongmei

（Wanzhi District Forestry Service Center， Wuhu 241100， China）

Abstract Based on field investigation and data reference， the incidence regularity of common diseases and pests in peach trees in southern Anhui Province was analyzed. On this basis， the green prevention and control methods of diseases and pests were summarized， including ecological control technology， physical and chemical attraction control techniques and scientific drug use technology. The survey rssults showed that the common diseases and pests of peach trees in southern Anhui included aphids， Carposina Sasakii， pichocrocis punctiferalis， fluid-gum disease， bacterial perforation disease and peach leaf shrinkage disease. In production， ecological control technologies such as pruning， mulch control， tree white coating， application of organic fertilizer and fruit bagging could be used to reduce insect density and improve the climate environment of peach orchard through green control technologies such as solar insecticidal lamp trapping and killing， armyworm color plate and Empedobacter brevis， as well as scientific drug use technology. It played a positive role in ensuring food and ecological security. In view of the current development status of peach green prevention and control technology， strategies were put forward to introduce green prevention and control subsidy policies， carry out green prevention and control brand building， conduct in-depth research on green prevention and control model， and introduce intelligent monitoring and identification system， so as to provide a reference for the promotion and application of green prevention and control technology of peach diseases and pests in southern Anhui Province and similar climate regions.

Keywords peach tree; pests and diseases; ecological regulation and control; physicochemical inducement control; chemical control

桃樹是皖南地區重要的果品之一，隨著桃樹種植逐漸向規模化、標準化和產業化發展，果品質量、產量不斷提高，已成為該地區的重要經濟林和支柱產業之一。實際生產中，桃樹生產可能面臨較多病蟲害危害，發生嚴重時可導致桃果產量和質量下降。綠色食品越來越受到消費者青睞，病蟲害綠色防控技術是實現綠色食品生產的重要保障。

目前對于桃樹病蟲害綠色防控技術的集成研發與推廣應用的報道較多，王新江[1]闡述了桃樹栽培過程中的病蟲害綠色防控技術，分析了實施綠色防控技術的效益，桃果產量、品質及效益均得到較大提升。……