黃河流域石礫山地抗旱造林技術研究

摘要 為進一步提高黃河流域石礫山地的植被覆蓋率、促進其生態恢復，本研究在青海云杉等7種喬、灌植物中，選擇存活率排名前四的樹種作為試驗樹種，開展了4個樹種的石礫山地造林技術試驗，通過研究不同保水保墑技術對4個樹種的生長指標、土壤含水量、土壤溫度、土壤肥力、存活率和保存率等指標的影響，篩選出適合該區域的造林技術。結果表明，整地措施能增加土壤含水量；集水托盤措施能提升土壤表層土壤的水分和土壤溫度；在石礫山地造林需要結合其他措施進行施肥，以增加土壤中的有機物質含量。施肥+整地+集水托盤組合措施在黃河流域石礫山地干旱造林效果較為明顯。該研究為黃河流域石礫山地的生態恢復和水土保持提供參考。

關鍵詞 黃河流域；石礫山地；抗旱造林；整地；集水托盤；施肥

中圖分類號 S728.2" " 文獻標識碼 A" "文章編號 1007-7731（2024）14-0058-06

DOI號 10.16377/j.cnki.issn1007-7731.2024.14.013

Drought resistant afforestation techniques in gravel mountainous areas of the

Yellow River Basin

WU Zhongchang" " YE Junsen" " YANG Baoyu" " XIAWU Pengmao" " LIU Wennan

（Huangnan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture Forestry Station， Huangnan 811399， China）

Abstract In order to further improve the vegetation coverage and promote ecological restoration in the gravel mountainous areas of the Yellow River Basin， the top 4 tree species with the highest survival rate among 7 species of trees and shrubs were selected， including Picea crassifolia， as experimental tree species. The afforestation technology experiment of gravel mountainous areas was carried out for 4 tree species. By studying the effects of different water and soil moisture retention technologies on the growth indicators， soil moisture content， soil temperature， soil fertility， survival rate， and preservation rate of the 4 tree species， suitable afforestation technologies were screened for the region. The results indicated that land preparation measures could increase the moisture content in the soil. Water" collection tray measure could increase the moisture and soil temperature of the surface soil layer. In order to increase the organic matter in the soil， it was necessary to combine other measures for fertilization in the gravel mountain afforestation. Fertilization+land preparation+water collection tray measures had a significant effect on arid afforestation in the gravel mountainous areas of the Yellow River Basin. This study could provide a reference for the ecological restoration and soil and water conservation of gravel mountainous areas in the Yellow River Basin.

Keywords Yellow River Basin; gravel mountainous areas; drought resistant afforestation; land preparation; water collection tray; fertilization

黃南藏族自治州位于青海東南部，該州南部屬于三江源自然保護區，在區域生態上占有重要地位[1]。該區域常年風速較大、水分蒸發較強，在表土剝蝕殆盡后，植被天然恢復能力較差，跡地較難及時恢復植被覆蓋，易造成水土流失，造林成活率、保存率較低。

匯集雨水徑流技術最早應用于農業[2]。該技術通過清理崗坡上的雜物，增加地表徑流，通過石壩將匯集的雨水徑流引至農田中，采用該技術時在年均降水量較低的情況下進行農作物的種植[3]。該技術也被引入到干旱半干旱地區造林綠化的實踐中[4]。……