低溫處理對蝴蝶蘭葉片抗寒性的影響

摘要 為探究蝴蝶蘭耐低溫的生理機制，本試驗以蝴蝶蘭品種大辣椒植株為試驗材料，經過1、3、5和7 h的低溫（5 ℃）處理后，分別測量其花蕾期、盛開期和衰敗期葉片中的葉綠素、可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白、丙二醛（MDA）含量及電導率和A280值。結果表明，隨著低溫處理時間的延長，葉綠素總含量整體呈現先降低后升高的趨勢；可溶性蛋白含量和可溶性糖含量變化不明顯，其中可溶性蛋白含量在花蕾期呈下降趨勢，衰敗期的可溶性糖含量高于花蕾期和盛開期；MDA含量、電導率和A280隨著低溫處理時間的延長緩慢上升。葉綠素、MDA、電導率和A280的動態變化可反映蝴蝶蘭受低溫損失程度，而可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白與抗寒性相關性較低。

關鍵詞 低溫脅迫；蝴蝶蘭；抗寒性；丙二醛；葉綠素

中圖分類號 S682.31" " 文獻標識碼 A" "文章編號 1007-7731（2024）14-0026-05

DOI號 10.16377/j.cnki.issn1007-7731.2024.14.006

Effects of low temperature treatment on cold resistance of Phalaenopsis aphrodite

WEI Tangxuan" " QIAO Yongxu" " ZHANG Yongping" " WU Siying" " WANG Jialing" " ZHANG Yunqing" " LIU Shuang

（College of Biology and Materials Engineering， Suqian University， Suqian 223800， China）

Abstract In order to explore the physiological mechanism of low temperature tolerance in Phalaenopsis aphrodite， this experiment used Da La Jiao plants of Phalaenopsis aphrodite varieties as experimental materials. After being treated with low temperature （5 ℃） for 1，3，5， and 7 hours， the chlorophyll，soluble sugars，soluble proteins， malondialdehyde （MDA） content， electrical conductivity， and A280 value in their leaves during the bud， blooming， and decline periods were measured. The results showed that with the extension of low-temperature treatment time， the total chlorophyll content showed an overall trend of first decreasing and then increasing. The changes in soluble protein content and soluble sugar content were not significant. The content of soluble protein showed a decreasing trend during the bud stage. The soluble sugar content during the decline period was higher than that during the bud and blooming periods. The MDA content， conductivity， and A280 slowly increased with the extension of low-temperature treatment time. The dynamic changes in chlorophyll， MDA， conductivity， and A280 ould reflect the degree of low-temperature loss in Phalaenopsis aphrodite， while the relationship between soluble sugars and soluble proteins and cold resistance is relatively small.

Keywords low temperature stress; Phalaenopsis aphrodite; cold resistance; malondialdehyde; chlorophyll

蝴蝶蘭（Phalaenopsis aphrodite Rchb. f.）別名蝶蘭、洋蘭，其株型優美、體態輕盈、花型奇異、花色多樣和花期較長等特點賦予了蝴蝶蘭重要的經濟價值和觀賞價值[1-2]。蝴蝶蘭原產于熱帶和亞熱帶地區，性喜高溫、多濕和半陰環境，開花期對溫度的要求較嚴格，以白天20～25 ℃，夜間18～22 ℃為宜，不耐寒冷，溫度低于10 ℃時易受冷害[3-4]。低溫可能造成花色變暗、花朵萎蔫甚至脫落，植株生長較緩慢[5]；郝平安等[6]研究表明，長時間低溫還可能導致植株生理性缺水，呼吸作用紊亂，光合作用降低，最終植株死亡。梁芳等[7]研究表明，低溫脅迫會影響蝴蝶蘭的生長發育和花朵的品質，在部分冬、春季低溫持續時間較長的地區，設施栽培時需要人工加溫以保證蝴蝶蘭正常生長，較高的投入成本在一定程度上影響了蝴蝶蘭的規?；彤a業化發展。……