蕪湖市農村生活污水處理現狀及適用技術分析

摘要 為保護長江生態環境和推動長江經濟帶高質量發展，分析了沿江重要城市蕪湖市農村生活污水污染物處理現狀及存在的問題，總結目前我國農村生活污水生態處理（人工濕地、土壤滲濾、穩定塘、化糞池）和生物處理（生物膜處理、A2O工藝）等主要技術的優缺點及其在蕪湖市的適用性。結果表明，蕪湖市各縣（區）農村生活污水污染物排放量差異較大，污染物排放量為無為市＞南陵縣＞弋江區＞鳩江區＞灣沚區＞繁昌區＞鏡湖區，污染物以化學需氧量和總氮為主。由生物處理技術和生態處理技術組合的工藝比單一的處理技術有較大的優勢，但農村生活污水處理工藝技術的選擇和使用尚存在資金缺口和監管運維不完善等問題。以此提出創新投資運營和管護模式，加強政府企業村民聯動，統籌生活污水處理工程的建設、經營與移交，因地制宜選擇污水處理技術方案的建議，為蕪湖市農村生活污水治理提供參考。

關鍵詞 農村生活污水；治理技術；生態處理；生物處理；適用性；蕪湖市

中圖分類號 X799.3 文獻標識碼 A 文章編號 0517-6611（2024）21-0054-04

doi：10.3969/j.issn.0517-6611.2024.21.011

開放科學（資源服務）標識碼（OSID）：

Analysis of the Current Situation and Applicable Technologies of Rural Domestic Sewage Treatment in Wuhu City

LUO Mei1，2，GAN Man-qin1，MA Zhong-wen1 et al

（1.Key Laboratory of Farmland Ecology Conservation and Pollution Control of Anhui Province/School of Resources and Environment，Anhui Agricultural University，Hefei，Anhui 230036;2.School of Life and Food Engineering，Fuyang Normal University，Fuyang，Anhui 236037）

Abstract In order to protect the ecological environment of the Yangtze River and promote the high-quality development of the Yangtze River Economic Belt，this paper analyzed the current situation and existing problems of the treatment of rural sewage pollutants in Wuhu City，an important city along the Yangtze River.And it summarized the advantages and disadvantages of the main technologies of ecological treatment of rural domestic sewage （artificial wetland，soil filtration，stabilization pond，septic tank） and biological treatment （biofilm treatment，A2O process） and their applicability in Wuhu City.The results showed that the pollutant discharge of rural domestic sewage was significantly different among counties and districts in Wuhu City.The pollutant discharge was in the order of Wuwei City > Nanling County > Yijiang District > Jiujiang District > Wanzhi District > Fanchang District > Jinghu District.The main pollutants were chemical oxygen demand and total nitrogen.The combination of biological treatment technology and ecological treatment technology had greater advantages than the single treatment technology，however，there were still some problems in the selection and use of rural domestic sewage treatment technology，such as funding gap and imperfect supervision operation and maintenance.In this way，suggestions were put forward to innovate the investment operation and management mode，strengthen the linkage between government enterprises and villagers，coordinate the construction，operation and transfer of domestic sewage treatment projects，and select sewage treatment technical solutions according to local conditions.This study provides a reference for the treatment of rural domestic sewage in Wuhu City.

Key words Rural domestic sewage;Governance technology;Ecological treatment;Biological treatment;Applicability;Wuhu City

基金項目 安徽省哲學社會科學規劃項目（AHSKQ2020D156）；長江生態環境保護修復聯合研究項目（2019-LHYJ-01-0208-15）；農業農村部科技教育司項目（13200232）。

作者簡介 駱美（1987—），女，安徽宿州人，講師，博士，從事農業面源污染研究。*通信作者，教授，博士生導師，從事農業面源污染研究。

收稿日期 2023-12-03

改善農村生態環境是實施鄉村振興戰略的一項重要……