豫中煙區不同接茬種植模式對烤煙生長發育及綜合效益的影響

摘要 為明確豫中煙區不同接茬種植模式對煙株生長發育及綜合效益的影響，以常規移栽為對照，安排了大麥接茬和小麥接茬種植烤煙大田試驗。結果表明，大麥接茬移栽期較常規移栽晚8～10 d，大田生育期較常規移栽長8～9 d，小麥接茬移栽期較常規移栽晚31 d，大田生育期較常規移栽短4～9 d。不同種植模式各生育期光溫水資源分配不同，大麥接茬還苗伸根期和旺長期雨熱同期，成熟期日均溫和日照時數與常規移栽差異較小；與常規移栽相比，小麥接茬還苗伸根期和旺長期日均溫較高、晝夜溫差較小，成熟期日均溫較低、日照時數較少。栽后90 d時，小麥接茬干物質積累量明顯低于常規移栽和大麥接茬。與常規移栽相比，大麥接茬增加了烤后煙葉還原糖含量，糖堿比協調性較好，但烤后煙葉氯含量受前茬施用含氯肥料影響較大，前茬施用含氯肥料明顯增加烤后煙葉氯含量。大麥接茬烤后煙葉收益與常規移栽相當，但增加1季大麥收益，小麥接茬較常規移栽增加1季小麥收益，但烤后煙葉收益明顯低于常規移栽，綜合收益表現為大麥接茬＞小麥接茬＞常規移栽。綜上，豫中煙區大麥-烤煙接茬種植模式烤后煙葉質量較好，綜合效益較高，但大麥前茬需施用不含氯肥料，以避免前茬土壤氯過量殘留和烤后煙葉氯含量較高。

關鍵詞 烤煙；接茬種植模式；大麥接茬；小麥接茬；綜合效益

中圖分類號 S572 文獻標識碼 A 文章編號 0517-6611（2024）21-0013-06

doi：10.3969/j.issn.0517-6611.2024.21.004

開放科學（資源服務）標識碼（OSID）：

Effects of Different Cropping Patterns on Flue-cured Tobacco Growth and Comprehensive Benefits in the Middle of Henan Province

SONG Rui-fang1， LIU Qiao-zhen2， GUO Fang-yang2 et al

（1. Henan Tobacco Company， Zhengzhou， Henan 450018;2. Tobacco Research Institute of Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences， Xuchang， Henan 461000）

Abstract In order to define the effects of different cropping patterns on the growth of flue-cured tobacco and comprehensive benefits in the middle of Henan Province， a field experiment of flue-cured tobacco with barley and wheat previous crops was conducted. The results showed that compared with conventional transplanting， the transplanting times of barley stubble and wheat stubble pattern were delayed by 8-10 days and 31 days respectively， the growth period of barley stubble increased by 8-9 days， and the growth period of wheat stubble pattern was shortened by 4-9 days. The distribution of light， temperature and water resources in different growth stages of different patterns were different， the rain and hot resources of barley stubble pattern were at same time in root-extending stage and fast-growing stage， and there were little differences in the daily mean temperature and sunshine hours of ripening stage between barley stubble pattern and conventional transplanting.But the daily mean temperature was higher and the temperature difference between day and night was higher in root-extending stage and fast-growing stage， the daily mean temperature was lower， the sunshine hours was less in harvest stage of wheat stubble pattern than conventional transplanting. At 90 days after transplanting， the dry weight of flue-cured tobacco of wheat stubble pattern was significantly lower than that of conventional transplanting and barley stubble pattern. Compared with conventional transplanting， barley stubble pattern increased the content of reducing sugar in flue-cured tobacco leaves， and the reducing sugar to nicotine ratio was better， however， the chlorine content in flue-cured tobacco leaves was significantly increased by the application of chlorine-containing fertilizers in the previous crop. Barley stubble pattern and conventional transplanting had the same outputs， but barley stubble pattern increased the yield of one-season barley. Although the wheat stubble pattern increased the yield of one-season wheat compared with conventional transplanting， but the flue-cured tobacco output of wheat stubble pattern was significantly lower than that of conventional transplanting， the comprehensive benefit was as follows： barley stubble pattern > wheat stubble pattern > conventional transplanting. In conclusion， the flue-cured tobacco quality of barley stubble pattern was better and the comprehensive benefit of it was higher in the middle of Henan Province.However， it is necessary to apply chlorine-free fertilizer in barley to avoid excessive chlorine residue in soil and high chlorine content in flue-cured tobacco leaves.

Key words Flue-cured tobacco;Cropping patterns;Barley stubble pattern;Wheat stubble pattern;Comprehensive benefits

基金項目 河南省煙草公司科技項目（HNYGLCX202327）。……