摘要 芽孢桿菌屬在煙葉發酵和醇化的過程中起到了十分重要的作用。綜述了煙葉發酵和醇化過程中細菌群落的研究進展,對芽孢桿菌屬在協調煙葉化學成分、增加煙葉香氣物質含量、改善煙葉感官質量、縮短發酵醇化時間和抑制煙葉霉變等方面的應用研究現狀進行了總結,并對芽孢桿菌屬在雪茄煙葉發酵過程中的研究方向及應用進行了展望,以期為應用芽孢桿菌菌劑提升國產雪茄煙葉品質提供參考。
關鍵詞 芽孢桿菌;煙葉發酵;煙葉醇化
中圖分類號 TS41+4 文獻標識碼 A 文章編號 0517-6611(2024)21-0001-04
doi:10.3969/j.issn.0517-6611.2024.21.001
開放科學(資源服務)標識碼(OSID):
Research Progress on Application of Bacillus in Fermentation and Alcoholization of Tobacco Leaves
ZHAO Liang1,JU Shao-xuan2,SHI Xiang-dong2 et al
(1.Zhejiang Tobacco Industry Co.,Ltd.Technology Center,Hangzhou,Zhejiang 310024;2.Key Laboratory of Tobacco Industry Cultivation,Henan Agricultural University,Zhengzhou,Henan 450046)
Abstract Bacillus plays an important role in the fermentation and alcoholization of tobacco leaves.In this paper,the research progress of bacterial community in the process of tobacco leaf fermentation and aging was reviewed.The application of Bacillus in coordinating the chemical composition of tobacco leaves,increasing the content of aroma substances in tobacco leaves,improving the sensory quality of tobacco leaves,shortening the time of fermentation and aging,and inhibiting the mildew of tobacco leaves were summarized.The research direction and application of Bacillus in the fermentation process of cigar tobacco leaves were prospected,in order to provide reference for the application of Bacillus agents to improve the quality of domestic cigar tobacco leaves.
Key words Bacillus;Tobacco fermentation;Tobacco alcoholization
基金項目 浙江中煙工業有限責任公司科技計劃項目(QG/ZY-SK-005/06)。
作者簡介 趙亮 (1983—),男,江西玉山人,工程師,碩士,從事雪茄煙產品技術研究。*通信作者,工程師,從事雪茄煙產品開發及技術管理研究。
收稿日期 2023-11-23
發酵和醇化是煙葉生產加工過程中不可或缺的環節,不僅可以改善烤煙煙葉品質[1],提高卷煙質量,還對雪茄煙葉和雪茄成品質量起到重要的作用[2]。通過發酵和醇化,不同種類煙葉內在化學成分更協調,致香物質增ZQ7RkGk2skEx4OFpEGdCT5OTnzGFVClyLAKNXZNIOv8=加,雜氣和刺激性下降,燃燒性改善,香氣更加顯露,工業可用性提高[3-4]。一般認為煙葉發酵機理主要包括酶作用[5]、微生物作用[6-8]和化學作用[9]。研究表明,煙葉發酵和醇化過程中,葉面微生物分解煙葉中的大分子物質,通過一系列物理和化學變化,改善了煙葉品質[10-11]。隨著葉面微生物研究的深入,人們發現細菌種類的多樣性和數量都要多于真菌種類,并且細菌在煙葉發酵和醇化品質改善中發揮著重要作用[12-13]。……