城市濱水自生植物調(diào)查及園林應(yīng)用潛力分析

摘要濱水自生植物對城市生態(tài)環(huán)境的改善、生物多樣性的提高、自然駁岸的建設(shè)、美麗鄉(xiāng)村生態(tài)和水環(huán)境建設(shè)有著重要意義，具有廣闊的園林應(yīng)用潛力。本研究采用樣方調(diào)查法，以廣東惠州濱水景觀為對象，對其自生植物種類組成、物種來源、生活型和出現(xiàn)頻度進(jìn)行調(diào)查，并對部分自生植物的園林應(yīng)用潛力進(jìn)行分析。結(jié)果表明，此次調(diào)查的濱水自生植物有31科70屬76種，其中禾本科和菊科物種是其主要組成；鄉(xiāng)土植物種類占59.2%，外來植物種類占40.8%，在綠化建設(shè)中可適當(dāng)挖掘和應(yīng)用適應(yīng)城市環(huán)境的本土濱水自生植物；濱水自生植物中，草本植物更具優(yōu)勢，占總種數(shù)的82.9%；出現(xiàn)頻度高于25.0%的植物種類有10種，包括蘇里南莎草、巴拉草和鬼針草等。自生植物符合節(jié)約型城市園林建設(shè)的要求，有利于園林綠化可持續(xù)發(fā)展，蘇里南莎草等10種濱水自生植物，其園林觀賞價值高，對濱水生境適應(yīng)性強(qiáng)，可作為未來城市濱水景觀營造的植物素材。

關(guān)鍵詞自生植物；濱水；節(jié)約型園林；應(yīng)用潛力

中圖分類號S688 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識碼A 文章編號1007-7731（2024）20-0063-04

DOI號10.16377/j.cnki.issn1007-7731.2024.20.013

Investigation of urban waterfront authigenic plants and analysis of garden application potential

GUO Xiang¹LIU Shu²

（¹Liaobu Substaion of Dongguan City Management and Comprehensive Law Enforcement Bureau，Dongguan 523430， China;

²College of Life Sciences， Huizhou University， Huizhou 516000， China）

Abstract Waterfront authigenic plants are of great significance to the eoLy8y3oBhP5s8cNJpXxig==improvement of urban ecological environment， the enhancement of biodiversity， the construction of natural revegetation， the beautiful rural ecology and the construction of water environment， it has broad application potential in gardens. The species composition， species sources， life forms and occurrence frequency of authigenic plants were investigated in the waterfront landscape of Huizhou City， Guangdong Province by using the quadrate survey method， and the application potential of some authigenic plants was analyzed. The results showed that there were 76species in 31 families， 70genus， among which Gramineae and Compositae were important components. Native plant species accounted for 59.2%， exotic plant species accounted for 40.8%， in the green construction should be appropriate to dig and apply the native adaptation to urban environment of waterfront authigenic plants. Among the waterfront authigenic plants， herbs were more dominant， accounting for 82.9% of the total species. There were 10 plant species with more than 25.0% frequency， including ， and . Authigenic plants meet the requirements of energy-saving urban landscape construction and are conducive to the sustainable development of landscape greening. 10 kinds of waterfront authigenic plants with garden application potential were recommend， such as ， which had high garden ornamental value and strong adaptability to waterfront habitats， and could become plant materials for future urban waterfront landscape construction.

Keywords authigenic plants; waterfront; conservation-oriented garden; application potential

自生植物是指未經(jīng)過人工栽培和養(yǎng)護(hù)管理，可自發(fā)繁衍和定居生長的植物群體^[1]。本研究調(diào)查的“自生植物”是指在濱水區(qū)水體最高至最低水位間，受城市環(huán)境影響仍可自發(fā)生長繁衍，且生長狀況良好，能形成一定規(guī)模的植物。城市植物景觀營造的發(fā)展已從主要關(guān)注美學(xué)轉(zhuǎn)向生態(tài)、社會和經(jīng)濟(jì)的綜合平衡，其中一個重要方向是對自生植物景觀的重視^[2]。……