寧夏揚黃灌區玉米膜下滴灌水肥一體化技術研究

摘要 ［目的］分析膜下滴灌施肥對玉米產量及水分利用效率的影響，闡明膜下滴灌水肥一體化的技術優勢，解決寧夏揚黃灌區玉米水肥利用效率低的問題。［方法］在相同施肥水平條件下，以常規大水漫灌（6 000 m³/hm²）為對照，在滴灌定額為3 750 m³/hm²的基礎上設置不覆膜滴灌和膜下滴灌2個處理，研究不同灌水處理對玉米光合特性、產量、水肥利用效率及經濟效益的影響。［結果］膜下滴灌水肥一體化技術在玉米抽雄期凈光合速率、水分利用效率最高，比漫灌處理分別提高1.5%、11.0%，比不覆膜滴灌處理分別提高6.1%、3.2%。膜下滴灌水肥一體化技術通過提高玉米收獲穗數、穗粒數和百粒重從而提高玉米產量，比漫灌處理增產8.6%，比不覆膜滴灌處理增產8.2%。膜下滴灌水肥一體化技術降低玉米耗水量，比漫灌處理降低28.4%，灌水利用效率提高73.6%，水分利用效率提高52.0%；同時提高了玉米氮磷鉀肥偏生產力，比漫灌處理分別提高8.5%、8.6%、8.5%。與漫灌處理相比，膜下滴灌水肥一體化技術在成本投入增加26.9%的基礎上獲得了最高的經濟效益，比漫灌處理增加808.4元/hm²，收入提高8.1%，比滴灌不覆膜處理增收787.5元/hm²，收入提高7.8%。［結論］在滴灌定額為3 750 m³/hm²基礎上采用膜下滴灌施肥可在節水37.5%的基礎上實現增產和增收，該技術在寧夏揚黃灌區表現出一定的優勢，可以應用于該地區的玉米生產。

關鍵詞 寧夏揚黃灌區；膜下滴灌水肥一體化；玉米；產量；水分利用效率

中圖分類號 S275.6 文獻標識碼 A 文章編號 0517-6611（2024）19-0189-06

doi：10.3969/j.issn.0517-6611.2024.19.040

開放科學（資源服務）標識碼（OSID）：

Study on the Integration Technology of Drip Irrigation Fertilizer Under Corn Membrane in Yanghuang Irrigation Area of Ningxia

ZHOU Yang¹， ZHAO Ru-lang²，ZHANG Wen-jie² et al

（1. Agricultural Technology Extension Service Center in Ningxia Tongxin County， Wuzhong， Ningxia 751300;2.Crops Research Institute，Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences，Yinchuan， Ningxia 750002）

Abstract ［Objective］To analyze the effects of submembrane drip irrigation fertilizer integration on maize yield and water use efficiency， elucidate the technical advantages of submembrane drip irrigation fertilizer integration， solve the problem of low utilization efficiency of corn fertilizer in Yanghuang irrigation area of Ningxia.［Method］At the same level of fertilization，the irrigation（6 000 m³/hm²） was used as a control， two treatments of non-coated drip irrigation and submembrane drip irrigation were set on the basis of a drip irrigation quota of 3 750 m³/hm²， the effects of different irrigation treatment on photosynthetic characteristics， yield， utilization efficiency and economic benefits of maize were studied. ［Result］The integrated technology of submembrane drip irrigation water fertilizer was the highest in net photosynthetic rate and water use efficiency during the maize pumping period， which was 1.5% and 11.0% higher than that of diffuse irrigation， and 6.1% and 3.2% higher than that of non-coated drip irrigation. The integrated technology of submembrane drip irrigation water fertilizer increased corn yield by increasing the number of ears， grain number and grain weight of corn， which increased by 8.6% compared to the diffusion irrigation treatment and 8.2% more than the non-mulching drip irrigation treatment. The integrated technology of submembrane drip irrigation water fertilizer reduced the water consumption of corn， which was 28.4% lower than that of diffuse irrigation， 73.6% higher irrigation efficiency， and 52.0% water use efficiency. At the same time， the partial productivity of corn nitrogen， phosphorus and potassium fertilizer was increased by 8.5%， 8.6% and 8.5%，respectively. Compared with diffusion irrigation treatment， the integrated technology of submembrane drip irrigation fertilizer had achieved the highest economic benefits on the basis of a 26.9% increase in cost input， an increase of 808.4 yuan/hm² compared to diffusion irrigation treatment， an increase of 8.1% in income， and an increase of 787.5 yuan/hm² compared to non-mulching drip irrigation，the income increased by 7.8%. ［Conclusion］Using submembrane drip irrigation and fertilization on the basis of 3 750 m³/hm² drip irrigation can achieve an increase in production and income on the basis of 37.5% water saving. This technology has certain advantages in the Yanghuang irrigation area of Ningxia and can be applied to the corn production in the area.

Key words Ningxia Yanghuang irrigation district;Submembrane drip irrigation fertilizer integration;Corn;Yield;Water use efficiency

基金項目 寧夏“十四五”農業高質量發展和生態保護科技創新示范項目（NGSB-2021-3-1）；……