有機肥對云南曲靖煙區(qū)烤煙根黑腐病及產(chǎn)質(zhì)量的影響

摘要 為研究云南曲靖煙區(qū)有機肥替代部分化肥對土壤性狀和烤煙產(chǎn)質(zhì)量的影響，采用田間調(diào)查統(tǒng)計和常規(guī)數(shù)據(jù)分析的方法，研究施用不同有機肥替代部分化肥對烤煙農(nóng)藝性狀、病害發(fā)生情況、烤煙外觀質(zhì)量和經(jīng)濟性狀的影響。結(jié)果表明，有機肥替代部分常規(guī)化肥與單一施用常規(guī)化肥比較能顯著提高烤煙農(nóng)藝性狀、降低病害發(fā)生、提高烤煙產(chǎn)量和產(chǎn)值，施用有機肥處理顯著提高烤煙株高5.4%～11.1%，莖圍3.5%～10.6%，最大葉面積4.6%～13.8%，分別降低黑脛病和根腐病發(fā)病率16.7%～33.4%和21.9%～42.1%，提高產(chǎn)量9.2%～22.0%，產(chǎn)值16.32%～30.54%，上等煙比例3.9%～6.3%。總之，在云南曲靖煙區(qū)，有機肥替代部分化肥能增加烤煙田間長勢、降低病害發(fā)生和增加烤煙產(chǎn)量產(chǎn)值。該研究為有機肥在烤煙生產(chǎn)中的合理應用提供科學依據(jù)。

關鍵詞 烤煙；有機肥；農(nóng)藝性狀；經(jīng)濟性狀

中圖分類號 S141 文獻標識碼 A 文章編號 0517-6611（2024）19-0141-04

doi：10.3969/j.issn.0517-6611.2024.19.031

開放科學（資源服務）標識碼（OSID）：

Effects of Organic Fertilizer on Root Black Rot， Yield and Quality of Flue-cured Tobacco in Qujing Tobacco Area of Yunnan Province

WANG Rui-bao¹， WU Jian¹， CAO Shen-ling² et al

（1.Yunnan Provincial Tobacco Company Qujing Branch， Qujing， Yunnan 655000;2.College of Plant Protection， Yunnan Agricultural University， Kunming，Yunnan 650201）

Abstract In order to study the effects of organic fertilizer replacing part of chemical fertilizer on soil properties， yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco in Qujing tobacco area of Yunnan Province， this experiment used field investigation statistics and conventional data analysis methods to study the effects of different organic fertilizers replacing part of chemical fertilizer on agronomic traits， disease occurrence， appearance quality and economic traits of flue-cured tobacco.The results showed that compared with the single application of conventional chemical fertilizer， the replacement of partial conventional chemical fertilizer with organic fertilizer could significantly improve the agronomic traits of flue-cured tobacco， reduce the occurrence of diseases， and increase the yield and output value of flue-cured tobacco. The application of organic fertilizer significantly increased the plant height of flue-cured tobacco by 5.4%-11.1%， the stem circumference by 3.5%-10.6%， and the maximum leaf area by 4.6%-13.82%. The incidence of black shank and root rot was reduced by 16.7%-33.4% and 21.9%-42.1%， respectively. The yield per mu was increased by 9.2%-22.0%， the yield per mu was 16.32%-30.54%， and the proportion of superior tobacco was 3.9%-6.3%. In conclusion， in Qujing tobacco-growing areas of Yunnan Province， replacing some chemical fertilizers with organic fertilizers can increase the growth of flue-cured tobacco in the field， reduce the occurrence of diseases and increase the yield and output value of flue-cured tobacco. The results of this study can provide scientific basis for the rational application of organic fertilizer in flue-cured tobacco production.

Key words Flue-cured tobacco;Organic fertilizer;Agronomic traits;Economic traits

基金項目 云南省煙草公司重大科技專項（2022530000241028）；云南省重大科技專項（202202AE090015）。

作者簡介 王瑞寶（1969—），男，湖南邵陽人，農(nóng)藝師，碩士，從事煙草土壤肥料與栽培研究。

*通信作者，研究員，博士，從事土肥植保研究。

收稿日期 2023-11-06

烤煙是云南最具核心競爭力的產(chǎn)業(yè)，云南是全國最大的優(yōu)質(zhì)烤煙產(chǎn)區(qū)，煙葉產(chǎn)量占全國的45%左右，曲靖是云南最大的優(yōu)質(zhì)烤煙生產(chǎn)區(qū)^［1］。曲靖種植烤煙常年連作，連作時長高達10年以上，且常年以單施化肥為主，不合理的種植制度和施肥方式導致當?shù)刂矡熗寥绹乐厥軗p，烤煙產(chǎn)量嚴重下降。基于目前化肥使用和農(nóng)業(yè)廢棄物現(xiàn)狀，積極尋求高效環(huán)保的化肥替代品，探索農(nóng)業(yè)廢棄物資源化利用的方式，已成為國內(nèi)外農(nóng)業(yè)研究的熱點。……