

摘要 采用田間小區試驗方法,測定4個不同首次施藥時間蘋果黑星病的防治效果,從蘋果花露紅期開始按照蘋果生育時期分別進行首次噴藥處理(T、T、T、T和清水對照CK)。各處理每間隔10 d噴藥一次,共5次。結束噴藥后第10 天和第30 天調查蘋果黑星病的病情級別,計算病葉率、病情指數和防治效果。結果表明,防治蘋果黑星病的適宜時期是在蘋果花露紅期首次施藥,防效最高達98.22%,極顯著高于其他處理。
關鍵詞 黑星??;吡唑醚菌酯;噴霧
中圖分類號 S436.611.1 文獻標識碼 A 文章編號 0517-6611(2024)19-0127-02
doi:10.3969/j.issn.0517-6611.2024.19.027
開放科學(資源服務)標識碼(OSID):
Study on Suitable Period of Chemical Control of Apple Scab
SHI Guang-liang
(Pingliang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Pingliang,Guansu 744000)
Abstract The field plot test method was used to determine the control effect of four different first spraying time on apple scab. From the apple flower dew red period, the first spraying treatment was carried out according to the best period op6zrVyiCbLqiUwNYUfRyfg==f apple growth (T,T,T,T and water control CK). Each treatment was sprayed once every 10 days for a total of five times. The disease level of apple scab was investigated on the 10 th and 30 th day after the end of spraying, and the disease leaf rate, disease index and control effect were calculated.The suitable period for screening out the best control of scab was the first application at the apple flower red stage, and the control effect was 98.22%, which was significanly higher than other treatments.
Key words Scab;Scabpyraclostrobin;Spray
基金項目 平涼市科技計劃項目(平科任〔2021〕23號)。
作者簡介 史廣亮(1966—), 男,甘肅平涼人, 高級農藝師,從事玉米、胡麻田病蟲草害及蘋果樹葉部主要病害研究。
收稿日期 2023-10-12;修回日期 2023-11-21
蘋果黑星病(apple scab)的病原菌是蘋果黑星病菌(Venturia inaequalis(Cooke.) Taint.),屬于子囊菌亞門真菌。蘋果黑星病又稱瘡痂病、黑點病或霉病[1],主要為害蘋果葉片或果實,還為害葉柄、果柄、花芽、花器及新梢。嚴重時造成落葉、落果,受害果實開裂畸形,直接影響蘋果產量、品質及其商品性。葉片染病初期現黃綠色圓形或放射狀病斑,后變為褐色至黑色園狀斑隆起,直徑3~6 mm;其上生一層黑褐色絨毛狀霉,即病菌分生孢子梗及分生孢子[2]。發病后期,多數病斑連在一起,致葉片扭曲變畸形。嫩葉染病,表面呈粗糙羽毛狀,中間產生黑霉或病斑,病斑周圍健全組織變厚,致病斑上凸,背面形成環狀凹陷[3]。受害嚴重時葉片變小,增厚,呈扭曲或卷縮狀。目前已經蔓延到平涼全市七縣區及周邊,且有愈加嚴重和迅速擴散之態勢;……