不同生物炭用量對濱海鹽堿土理化性質和肥力的影響

摘要 為揭示不同生物炭用量對濱海鹽堿土改良效果的影響，以土壤肥力和理化性質為主要指標，設計0、5、10、15和20 t/hm² 5個不同生物炭用量處理（分別記為T、T、T、T、T），觀測不同處理下土壤pH、速效養分、有機質、有機碳、剖面鹽分、容重、田間持水量等指標的響應規律。結果表明，土壤pH、速效氮含量、速效鉀含量、全氮含量均隨著生物炭用量的增加先升高后降低，土壤速效磷、有機質和有機碳含量與生物炭用量呈明顯的正相關關系，耕層土壤有機碳最大增幅達到1倍，速效磷和有機質含量增幅分別為16.3%和14.5%；生物炭用量的增加有利于降低0～40 cm土層鹽分，試驗結束時0～20和>20～40 cm土層全鹽含量最高降幅分別達到14.5%和26.3%；隨著生物炭用量的增加，土壤容重總體呈降低趨勢，孔隙度總體呈升高趨勢；與T相比，生物炭施用處理田間持水量增加1.8%～9.1%，其中T用量下田間持水量增幅最大；綜合土壤肥力指標、理化指標和資源用量，推薦以15 t/hm²作為鹽堿土適宜生物炭用量。

關鍵詞 生物炭；鹽堿土；肥力；理化性質；改良

中圖分類號 F301.2 文獻標識碼 A 文章編號 0517-6611（2024）19-0065-03

doi：10.3969/j.issn.0517-6611.2024.19.014

開放科學（資源服務）標識碼（OSID）：

Effects of Different Biochar Dosages on the Physicochemical Properties and Fertility of Coastal Saline Alkali Soil

ZHENG Si-hai

（Fujian Provincial Geological Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Service Center， Fuzhou， Fujian 350000）

Abstract In order to reveal the effect of different biochar dosages on the improvement of coastal saline alkali soil， five different biochar treatments （T，T，T，T，T， respectively） were designed with soil fertility and physicochemical properties as the main indicators. The response law of soil pH， available nutrients， organic matter， organic carbon， profile salinity， bulk density and field water capacity under different treatments were observed. The results showed that soil pH， available nitrogen content， available potassium content and total nitrogen content all increased first and then decreased with the increase of biochar dosages. There was a significant positive correlation between soil available phosphorus， organic matter， and organic carbon content and the biochar dosage. The maximum increase in organic carbon in the topsoil was 1 times， and the increase in available phosphorus and organic matter content was 16.3% and 14.5%， respectively. The increase in the amount of biochar was beneficial for reducing the salt content in the 0-40 cm soil layer. At the end of the experiment， the maximum decrease in total salt content in the 0-20 cm and >20-40 cm soil layers was 14.5% and 26.3%， respectively. As the amount of biochar increases， the soil bulk density showed a decreasing trend， while the porosity showed an increasing trend. Compared with T， the application of biochar increased field water capacity by 1.8%-9.1%， with the largest increase in field water capacity was found under T application. Based on soil fertility indicators， physicochemical indicators and resource usage， it is recommended to use the 15 t/hm² amount as the appropriate amount of biochar for saline alkali soil.

Key words Biochar;Saline alkali soil;Fertility;Physical and chemical property;Improvement

基金項目 江蘇沿海集團揭榜掛帥項目（2022YHTDJB02-1）。

作者簡介 鄭泗海（1989—），男，福建泉州人，工程師，從事土地利用方面的研究和實踐工作。

收稿日期 2024-05-17

由于城市用地和農業用地之間的矛盾，開發濱海土地資源已成為諸多地區的共同選擇^［1-2］。濱海土地作為重要的后備耕地資源，對于保障國家糧食安全、端牢中國飯碗有重要戰略意義。然而，不同于普通耕地土壤，濱海鹽堿地土壤通常具有鹽分含量高、結構密實、通透性和保肥性差等特點^［3］，需要經過改良后才能利用。……