華南多雨山地果樹避雨技術效果與成本分析

摘要 ［目的］針對華南高海拔山地地區春、夏兩季雨水過多造成漚花、裂果致落果而嚴重影響產量、品質問題，設計不同的避雨技術試驗，對比避雨效果、投入與產出。［方法］以常規露地栽培作為對照組，設置周年避雨（鋼架棚、竹木棚）及開花期遮陽網棚（樹盤瀝水、樹盤瀝水+覆膜、平壟覆膜、高壟覆膜）共6個避雨栽培處理，觀察各處理新植樹的成活率和生長量，結果樹產量、裂果率、落果率和商品果率，以及分析各避雨栽培的投入與產出比。［結果］避雨處理新植果苗的成活率和生長量均顯著高于對照；鋼架棚、竹木棚全株避雨處理產量高、無裂果，落果少，瀝水+地膜、高壟地膜土壤避雨處理產量較高、裂果較少；鋼架棚初始投入最大、年投入最小、產出最大、利潤最高，竹木棚初始投入較小、年投入最大、產出大、利潤高，瀝水+地膜初始投入、年投入均小、產出較大、利潤較高。［結論］投資能力強的，推薦搭建鋼架避雨棚；竹木資源充足的，推薦搭建竹木棚。投資能力較欠缺的，可搭建遮陽網臨時避雨棚，結合瀝水+地膜。新植果樹苗，可采取瀝水、樹盤覆膜或瀝水+覆膜措施，以提高定植成活率。

關鍵詞 華南山區;避雨技術;避雨效果;避雨成本

中圖分類號 S628 文獻標識碼 A 文章編號 0517-6611（2024）19-0036-05

doi：10.3969/j.issn.0517-6611.2024.19.008

開放科學（資源服務）標識碼（OSID）：

Effect and Cost of Rainproof for Fruit Trees in Rainy Mountainous Areas of South China

JIANG Xin¹，GUAN En-kui²， HUANG Huan-meng² et al

（1.Institute of Horticulture， Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences， Nanning， Guangxi 530007;2 .Tian’e County Agricultural and Rural Bureau/Guangxi Tian’e Pearl Plum Experimental Station， Hechi，Guangxi 547399）

Abstract ［Objective］In response to the serious impact on yield and quality caused by excessive rainfall in spring and summer in high-altitude mountainous areas of South China， which leads to flower retting， fruit cracking， and fruit drop， different rainproof technology experiments were designed to compare the effectiveness， input， and output of rainproof treatments.［Method］With open field cultivation as the control group， and steel frame shed， bamboo and wood shed， and shading shed+（tree tray drainage， tree tray drainage+plastic film covering， flat ridge plastic film covering， and high ridge plastic film covering） for a total of 6 rain shelter cultivation treatments were set up.The survival rate and growth rate， yield， fruit cracking rate， fruit drop rate， and commodity fruit rate were observed， as well as the input-output ratio of each rain shelter cultivation were analyzed.［Result］The survival rate and growth of new plantings that sheltered from the rain were significantly higher than those of the control;the steel frame shed and bamboo wood shed had high yield and no cracking of fruits， with less fruit falling.The tree disk drainage board+mulch film treat and high ridge mulch film treatment had higher yield and less cracking of fruits;the initial investment of steel frame shed was the largest， the annual investment was the smallest， the output was the largest， and the profit was the highest.The initial investment of bamboo and wood shed was small， the annual investment was the largest， the output was large， and the profit was high.The initial investment and annual investment of tree disk drainage board+mulch film were small， the output was large， and the profit was high.［Conclusion］For those with strong investment ability， it is recommended to build a steel frame rain shelter; there are sufficient bamboo and wood resources， and it is recommended to build bamboo and wood sheds.For those with limited investment capacity， temporary rain shelters with shading nets can be built， combined with tree disk drainage board+mulch film.For newly planted fruit seedlings， measures such as watering， tree disc mulching， or watering+mulching can be taken to improve the survival rate of planting.

Key words South China mountainous areas;Rainproof technology;Effects of rainproof;Costs of rainproof

基金項目 廣西農業科學院基本科研業務專項（桂農科2021YT048）;廣西特色作物試驗站（TS202119）;廣西農業科學院基本科研業務專項（桂農科2023YM70）;科技先鋒隊“強農富民”“六個一”專項行動項目（桂農科盟202304）。……