栽培因子對獅山菜薹主要農藝性狀和經濟效益的影響

摘要 為探索獅山菜薹的最佳播期、密度和施肥量組合，在玉溪適宜區域實現良種與良法配套應用。試驗采用3因素3水平正交設計，2020—2022年連續兩季研究最適宜的播種期、種植密度及尿素施用量及其對鮮薹、籽粒產量和經濟效益的影響。結果表明，3個栽培因子對鮮薹產量影響大小依次為播種期、密度、尿素施用量，對籽粒產量影響大小依次為密度、播種期、尿素施用量，各處理鮮薹、籽粒產量差異均達到顯著水平；播種期對獅山菜薹的初采時間、采收天數、次數及生育期有顯著影響，種植密度與薹粗、單薹鮮重、莢粒數及單株角果等呈負相關，而尿素施用量對生育期及農藝性狀的影響不明顯。獅山菜薹最佳栽培因子組合為播種期9月30日、密度6萬株/hm²、苗期尿素375 kg/hm²，該條件下鮮薹產量可達31 183.8 kg/hm²，籽粒產量1 888.75 kg/hm²，凈收益16.52萬元/hm²，產投比3.55，經濟效益較高。

關鍵詞 獅山菜薹；播期；密度；施肥量；經濟效益

中圖分類號 S634.5 文獻標識碼 A 文章編號 0517-6611（2024）19-0022-04

doi：10.3969/j.issn.0517-6611.2024.19.004

開放科學（資源服務）標識碼（OSID）：

Effects of Different Cultivation Factors on Major Agronomic Characters and Economic Benefit of Shishan Rapeseed

HU Xin-zhou¹， HE Quan²，AN Zheng-yun¹ et al

（1. Yuxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences， Yuxi， Yunnan 653100;2. Eshan Branch of Yuxi Tobacco Company， Eshan， Yunnan 653200）

Abstract To explore the optimal sowing date， planting density and fertilizer dosage of Shishan rapeseed， to realize the combination of good breeding and high yield cultivation techniques in the suitable area of Yuxi City. Using three-factor and three-level orthogonal test， we researched the optimal sowing date， planting density and fertilizer dosage of Shishan rapeseed in Yuxi City， as well as the effects of shoot， seed yield and economic benefit. The effects of three factors on shoot yield from big to small were in the order of sowing date， planting density，urea dosage;the effects of three factors on seed yield from big to small were in the order of planting density，sowing date，urea dosage， the shoot and seed yield difference of each treatment reached a significant level， sowing date had significant effects on the first picking time， harvesting days， times and growth period of Shishan rapeseed. Planting density was negatively correlated with shoot thickness， fresh weight per shoot， pod number and pods per plant. However， the effect of urea dosage amount on growth period and agronomic traits was not obvious. The optimal combination of cultivation factors for Shishan rapeseed were September 30 for planting date， 60 000 plants/hm² for density， 375 kg/hm² for urea at seedling stage， the yield of fresh shoot could reach 31 183.8 kg/hm²， seed yield could reach 1 888.75 kg/hm²， the net income was 165 200 yuan/hm²， output-input ratio was 3.55， and the economic benefits were relatively high.

Key words Shishan rapeseed shoot;Sowing date;Planting density;Fertilizer dosage;Economic benefits

基金項目 云南省煙草公司玉溪分公司科技計劃項目“峨山縣煙油協同綠色增效關鍵技術研究與示范”（yxyc2023027）；云南省農業生產專項“玉溪市優質油菜單產提升技術示范”（ynnysc2023yx）。

作者簡介 胡新洲（1985—），男，湖北潛江人，高級農藝師，碩士，從事油菜育種及栽培技術研究。*通信作者，研究員，碩士，從事油菜育種及栽培技術應用研究。

收稿日期 2023-11-10

油菜是我國乃至整個世界最主要的油料作物之一，也是我國區域分布最廣、播種面積最大的油料作物，是植物蛋白和植物油脂的重要來源。……