微生物酶制劑對上部煙葉醇化品質的影響

摘要 為改善煙葉醇化品質，以低次紅花大金元上部煙葉為試材，將BioApex微生物酶應用于煙葉醇化中，比較醇化煙葉的常規化學成分、揮發性香氣成分和感官質量的變化。結果表明，添加微生物酶制劑會增加除氯以外的其他常規化學成分含量；同時降低了兩糖差，使煙葉成分更加協調。各微生物酶制劑處理煙葉中還原糖、水溶性糖含量與CK相比均顯著增加，但醇化時間延長會顯著降低煙堿和水溶性糖含量。微生物酶制劑處理增加了煙葉中芳香族氨基酸降解產物、類胡蘿卜素降解產物、美拉德反應產物含量。與CK相比，0.5%、1.0%和2.0%微生物酶制劑處理（90 d）明顯改善了煙葉的感官質量。綜上所述，微生物酶制劑能夠促進煙葉內含物質的轉化，提升紅花大金元上部煙葉的品質。該研究可為煙葉微生物酶制劑發酵工藝在工業中的應用提供理論基礎。

關鍵詞 微生物酶制劑；上部煙葉；醇化；品質

中圖分類號 TS41+1 文獻標識碼 A

文章編號 0517-6611（2024）18-0166-05

doi：10.3969/j.issn.0517-6611.2024.18.036

開放科學（資源服務）標識碼（OSID）：

Effects of Microbial Enzyme Preparations on the Aging Quality of Upper Tobacco Leaves

WU Yao-ting，LIU Dan-ran，LI Run-jie et al

（Yunnan Tobacco Leaf Company，Kunming，Yunnan 650217）

Abstract In order to improve the aging quality of tobacco leaves，using the low-grade and upper tobacco leaves of Honghua Dajinyuan as the test material，the BioApex microbial enzyme was applied to tobacco leaves，and the conventional chemical components，volatile aroma composition and sensory quality of aged tobacco leaves were compared.The results showed that the content of conventional chemical components except chlorine were increased by microbial enzymes.Simultaneously，the microbial enzymes decreased the difference between the content of total sugars and reducing sugar，and coordinated chemical composition of aged leaves.With the increases of enzyme concentration，the content of reducing sugar，water-soluble sugar and potassium in tobacco leaves were also significantly increased.However，prolonged aging time will significantly reduce the content of nicotine and water-soluble sugar.Microbial enzyme treatment increased the degradation products of aromatic amino acids，carotenoids，and Maillard reactions in tobacco leaves.The sensory quality of tobacco leaves treated with 0.5%，1.0% and 2.0% （90 days） concentration of microbial enzyme were obviously improved compared with the control.In summary，microbial enzymes can promote the transformation of tobacco leaf contents and effectively improve the quality of the upper tobacco leaves.This study can provide theoretical basis for the industrial application of microbial enzyme preparation fermentation technology in tobacco leaves.

Key words Microbial enzyme preparations;Upper tobacco leaves;Aging;Quality

基金項目 云南省煙草煙葉公司科技計劃項目（2022530000216101）。

作者簡介 吳曜廷（1997—），男，云南昭通人，助理工程師，從事煙葉倉儲研究。*通信作者：徐晨元，助理工程師，從事煙葉醇化研究；李作森，高級實驗師，碩士，從事煙葉生產研究。

收稿日期 2023-10-31

煙葉醇化是煙草加工過程中的重要步驟，同時醇化也是煙葉吸食品質形成過程中的一個重要環節［1］。新鮮煙葉自然晾曬或初烤后普遍存在香氣質單調、香氣量不足、雜氣較重和刺激性辛辣等品質缺陷，達不到工業加工的要求。……