2株貝萊斯芽孢桿菌在上海葡萄上的應用

摘要 探究2株貝萊斯芽孢桿菌結合有機肥使用對陽光玫瑰生長和果實品質的影響，進一步擴大葡萄上微生物菌肥的應用范圍。2020年11月將貝萊斯芽孢桿菌（Bacillus velezensis） YH-18、貝萊斯芽孢桿菌（B. velezensis） YH-20 這 2株微生物菌劑應用于上海市奉賢區種植的陽光玫瑰葡萄上。葡萄種植土壤施用2種微生物液體菌劑，按照菌液∶水=1∶2的比例稀釋混合，倒入打藥機內，通過噴灑的方式將菌液直接噴灑覆蓋在施好的園內有機肥上，施用完成后及時翻土進行覆蓋。2021年3月在原地進行復施。首次施肥30 d后，YH-18、YH-20處理葡萄葉片葉綠素比對照提高10.12%、3.26%；葉片厚度比對照提高22.16%、10.80%；葉面積比對照提高23.92%、19.87%。2次施菌后，YH-18、YH-20處理果實穗重比對照提高19.55%、16.19%；單果縱徑比對照提高3.15%、3.76%；果形指數有所提高。YH-18、YH-20處理果實可溶性固形物含量比對照提高20.08%、13.58%；YH-18處理可滴定酸含量較對照提高21.05%；果實含水量較對照降低2.18%、1.96%；YH-18處理果實硬度比對照提升20.9%。在園內有機肥基礎上施加YH-18、YH-20微生物菌劑顯著改善了葡萄生長情況，提高了果實品質，適合在葡萄種植園大范圍推廣。

關鍵詞 微生物菌肥；貝萊斯芽孢桿菌；葡萄；促生；果實品質

中圖分類號 S663.1 文獻標識碼 A

文章編號 0517-6611（2024）18-0144-03

doi：10.3969/j.issn.0517-6611.2024.18.031

開放科學（資源服務）標識碼（OSID）：

Application of Two Strains of Bacillus spp. in Grape of Shanghai

ZHANG Yue-feng

（Shanghai Forestry Station，Shanghai 200072）

Abstract To explore the effects of two strains of Bacillus spp. combined with organic fertilizer on the growth and fruit of sunshine rose，and to further expand the application range of microbial fertilizer on grapes. In November 2020，two strains of Bacillus velezensis YH-18 and B. velezensis YH-20 were applied to the sunshine rose grapes planted in Fengxian District of Shanghai. Two kinds of microbial liquid inoculants were applied to the grape planting soil，diluted and mixed according to the ratio of bacterial liquid∶water=1∶2，and then poured into the pesticide applicator. The bacterial liquid was directly sprayed on the applied organic fertilizer in the garden by spraying，and the soil was covered in time after application. In March 2021，the in situ reapplication was carried out.30 days after the first application，the chlorophyll content of grape leaves in the YH-18 and YH-20 treatment groups increased by 10.12% and 3.26% compared with the control;the leaf thickness increased by 22.16% and 10.80% compared with the control;the leaf area increased by 23.92% and 19.87% compared with the control. After two times of application，the ear weight ratio of grapes in the YH-18 and YH-20 treatment groups increased by 19.55% and 16.19% compared with the control;the longitudinal diameter of single fruit increased by 3.15% and 3.76% compared with the control;the fruit shape index was improved. The soluble solids content of grapes in the YH-18 and YH-20 treatment groups increased by 22.08% and 13.58% compared with the control;the titratable acid content of grapes in the YH-18 treatment group increased by 21.05% compared with the control;the water content of grapes decreased by 2.18% and 1.96% compared with the control;the hardness of grapes in the YH-18 treatment group increased by 20.9% compared with the control. The application of YH-18 and YH-20 microbial inoculants on the basis of organic fertilizer in the garden significantly improved the growth of grapes and improved the quality of fruits，which is suitable for widespread promotion in grape plantations.

Key words Microbial fertilizer;Bacillus spp.;Grapes;Promoting growth;Fruit quality

基金項目 上海市綠化和市容管理局項目“微生物肥料的研究與應用”（G191208）。

作者簡介 張岳峰（1978—），女，山西長治人，高級工程師，碩士，從事林業有害生物監測、檢疫和防治研究。

收稿日期 2024-01-17

葡萄中含有豐富的生物活性物質，具有保護心臟、抗癌、抗炎、抗衰老、抗菌等多種促進人體健康的作用［1］。……