蚯蚓原位處理牛糞產生蚯蚓糞對設施番茄產量和土壤改良的影響

摘要 比較蚯蚓原位處理牛糞產生蚯蚓糞和常規有機肥處理對設施番茄產量和土壤改良的影響，為設施蔬菜可持續發展提供理論依據。以2個番茄品種為材料，利用上茬溫室蔬菜收獲后的栽培壟，在壟上直接接種蚯蚓種和牛糞，分析土壤理化性質和番茄的產量、品質。結果表明，合理的控溫、控濕度可以創造蚯蚓生存環境，蚯蚓原位處理牛糞產生蚯蚓糞降低了土壤容重（P＜0.05），提高了水穩性大團聚體數量（P＜0.05），主要集中在2.0 mm≤Ф<3.0 mm和0.5 mm≤Ф<1.0 mm。對土壤全鹽含量的影響不顯著（P＞0.05），對不同鹽基離子的影響因品種的不同效果不同。土壤微生物含量無顯著差異（P＞0.05）。2個品種的番茄產量分別提高14.4%和24.7%。但對番茄品質的影響因品種的不同產生不同結果。綜上所述，蚯蚓原位處理牛糞產生蚯蚓糞可顯著提高設施番茄產量，顯著改善土壤的物理指標，建議設施農業周邊有蚯蚓養殖廠的條件下，推薦使用該方法。

關鍵詞 蚯蚓；原位處理；番茄；土壤改良

中圖分類號 S141 文獻標識碼 A

文章編號 0517-6611（2024）18-0140-04

doi：10.3969/j.issn.0517-6611.2024.18.030

開放科學（資源服務）標識碼（OSID）：

Effects of Earthworm in Situ Treatment of Cow Dung to Produce Earthworm Manure on Tomato Yield and Soil Improvement in Greenhouse

L Yang，ZHU Zhi-gang，ZHAO Jing et al

（Beijing Yanqing Agricultural Technology Integrated Service Center，Beijing 102100）

Abstract In this study，the effects of earthworm in situ treatment of cow dung to produce earthworm manure and conventional organic fertilizer treatment on tomato yield and soil improvement were compared，provide the basis for the sustainable development of facility vegetables.Two tomato varieties were used as materials，earthworm and cow dung were directly inoculated on the ridge after harvesting vegetables in the previous greenhouse，the physical and chemical properties of soil and the yield and quality of tomato were analyzed.The results showed that，reasonable temperature and humidity control could create the living environment of earthworms，earthworm in situ treatment of cow dung to produce vermicompost could reduce soil bulk density（P＜0.05），the number of water-stable macroaggregates was increased（P＜0.05），mainly concentrated between 2.0 mm≤Ф<3.0 mm and 0.5 mm≤Ф<1.0 mm.There was no significant difference in the effect on soil total salt content（P＞0.05），the effects on different base cations were different due to different varieties.There was no significant difference in soil microbial content（P＞0.05）.The tomato yields of the two varieties were increased by 14.4 % and 24.7 %，respectively.However，the effect on the quality of tomato was different due to different varieties.In summary，the in-situ treatment of cow dung by earthworms to produce earthworm manure could significantly increase the yield of greenhouse tomatoes and significantly improve the physical indicators of the soil.It was recommended to use this method under the condition that there are earthworm farms around the facility agriculture.

Key words Earthworm;In-situ treatment;Tomato;Soil improvement

基金項目 現代農業產業技術體系北京市創新團隊（BAIC08-2022）。

作者簡介 呂洋（1987—），男，北京人，獸醫師，從事耕地保護及廢棄物循環利用研究。*通信作者，高級農藝師，碩士，從事土壤肥料試驗、示范和推廣工作。

收稿日期 2023-10-24；修回日期 2023-11-18

設施大棚是一種半開放的特殊農業生境，由于復種指數高且隨著種植年限的增加，土壤會出現不同程度的養分過量［1］、連作障礙［2］、次生鹽漬化［3］、菌落結構失衡［4］等退化和生態環境問題，從而導致蔬菜減產和品質下降。……