施肥對隴東苜蓿生產性能和牧草營養的影響

摘要 探究不同施肥配比對隴東苜蓿生產性能和營養品質的影響，篩選出最佳施肥配比。 采用單因素隨機區組設計，共設計10個施肥配比處理，不施肥處理作為對照。結果表明，I處理株高最高，達62.89 cm，是對照的1.59倍，方差分析表明速效肥料和有機肥料對株高的影響不顯著（P>0.05）；不同肥料配施對莖粗影響不顯著（P>0.05），鮮草產量是對照的1.32～2.73倍；干草產量是對照的1.17～1.72倍，方差分析表明處理A鮮重和干重均顯著（P<0.05）高于對照。從各處理的營養分析來看，各施肥處理各指標均高于對照，表明施肥處理可以提高苜蓿營養品質。隸屬函數分析表明處理A的綜合表現最好，即N、P、K分別為75、150、150 kg/hm2綜合表現最好。

關鍵詞 隴東苜蓿；生產性能；營養品質；隸屬函數分析

中圖分類號 S541+.1 文獻標識碼 A

文章編號 0517-6611（2024）18-0136-04

doi：10.3969/j.issn.0517-6611.2024.18.029

開放科學（資源服務）標識碼（OSID）：

Effect of Fertilizing on Production Performance and Nutritional Value of Longdong Alfalfa

CHEN Shao-feng，XIU Hua

（Institute of Pratacultural Science，Xizang Academy of Agriculture and Animal Husbandary，Lhasa，Xizang 850000）

Abstract The aim was to investigate the effects of different fertilizer ratios on the production performance and nutritional quality of Longdong alfalfa，and to screen out the optimal fertiliser ratios.The experiment was designed as a one-way randomised block design with 10 fertiliser treatments and no fertiliser treatment as control.The results showed that the plant height of treatment I was the highest，reaching 62.89 cm，1.59 times higher than the control，and the ANOVA indicated that the effects of fast-acting and organic fertilizers on plant height were not significant （P>0.05），and study found that the effects of different fertilizer ratios on stem thickness were not significant （P>0.05），and that the yield of each fertilizer treatment group was 1.32-2.73 times higher than that of the control group in respect of fresh grass，and that the yield of each fertilizer treatment group was 1.17 to 1.72 times higher than that of the control group in respect of dry grass， ANOVA showed that treatment A was significantly （P<0.05） higher than that of the control group in both fresh and dry weights.Nutritional analyses of the treatments showed that all indicators of each fertilisation treatment were higher than those of the control，indicating that the fertilisation treatments could improve the nutritional quality of alfalfa.Affiliation function analysis showed that treatment A had the best overall performance，the best overall performance could be obtained when fertiliser N，P and K were applied at 75，150 and 150 kg/hm2 respectively.

Key words Longdong alfalfa;Production performance;Nutritional quality;Affiliation function analysis

作者簡介 陳少鋒（1987—），男，山西忻州人，助理研究員，從事草地植被修復研究。*通信作者，副研究員，從事草地生態研究。

收稿日期 2023-09-25

紫花苜蓿（Medicago sativa）因其具有產量高、營養價值豐富、動物飼喂適口性好等特點，被譽為 “牧草之王”。西藏近20年來共引進苜蓿品種30余種［1-2］，隴東紫花苜蓿（Medicago sativa Longdong）株體高大，根系發達，分枝多，而且抗寒、抗旱，壽命長［3］，然而西藏地區牧草生產中大多采用傳統方法，粗放的生產方式，種植基本不施肥或少量施肥，不同環境條件下的施肥量、施肥類型以及施肥時間沒有統一的標準，使苜蓿生產未能發揮最大潛能。因此，需要了解施肥與苜蓿產量和質量的關系，為西藏苜蓿生產出產量高、品質好的優良苜蓿草提供科學依據?！?br>