東江流域中下游典型土壤分類及養(yǎng)分特征分析

摘要 以惠城區(qū)為例，對東江流域中下游典型土壤進(jìn)行分類，通過采集1 619個(gè)土壤樣品進(jìn)行化驗(yàn)分析，研究東江流域中下游典型土壤養(yǎng)分特征。結(jié)果表明，惠城區(qū)耕地土壤有機(jī)質(zhì)、全氮含量均屬中等偏上水平；青泥格田、花崗巖紅泥田等土屬有機(jī)質(zhì)含量較高，而烏泥底田、砂頁巖赤紅地、紅色砂頁巖赤紅地等土屬含量較低；青泥格田、花崗巖紅泥田、石質(zhì)土、花崗巖紅黃泥田等土屬全氮含量較高，而烏泥底田、砂頁巖赤紅地等土屬含量較低；土壤全氮含量與有機(jī)質(zhì)含量之間呈極顯著的直線相關(guān)關(guān)系，回歸方程為Y=0.039 8X+0.376 9，相關(guān)系數(shù)為0.65；有機(jī)質(zhì)、全氮含量累積基本符合不同分類土壤形成規(guī)律。土壤堿解氮含量總體上屬中等偏上水平，平均含量水平達(dá)到三級標(biāo)準(zhǔn)；土壤有效磷含量總體上屬上中等水平，平均含量水平達(dá)到一級標(biāo)準(zhǔn)；土壤速效鉀、緩效鉀含量處于中等偏下水平。不同土屬類型的土壤堿解氮、有效磷、速效鉀、緩效鉀含量差異均較明顯，沒有明顯規(guī)律可循，主要是受人為施用化肥影響較大。

關(guān)鍵詞 東江流域；中下游平原；惠城區(qū)；土壤分類；養(yǎng)分特征

中圖分類號 S155 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識碼 A 文章編號 0517-6611（2024）18-0126-07

doi：10.3969/j.issn.0517-6611.2024.18.027

開放科學(xué)（資源服務(wù)）標(biāo)識碼（OSID）：

Analysis of Typical Soil Classification and Nutrient Characteristics in the Middle and Lower Reaches of Dongjiang River Basin—Taking Huicheng District as an Example

KANG Xuan1，2， YANG Fo-xin2， ZHANG Gui-xing2 et al

（1.Huicheng District Agriculture Technology Extension Center， Huizhou，Guangdong 516008; 2.Huicheng District Agriculture Science Research Institute， Huizhou，Guangdong 516008）

Abstract Taking Huicheng District as an example， this paper classified the typical soil in the middle and lower reaches of the Dongjiang River Basin， and studied the typical soil nutrient characteristics in the middle and lower reaches of the Dongjiang River Basin by collecting 1619 soil samples for laboratory analysis.The analysis showed that the soil organic matter and total nitrogen content of cultivated land in Huicheng District were above the middle level.The content of organic matter in Qingnigetian and granite red mud field was higher， while the content of organic matter in Wuniditian， red sand shale red land and red sand shale red land was lower.The total nitrogen content of Qingnigetian， granite red mud field， stone soil and granite red yellow mud field was higher， while that of Wuniditian and sandy shale red land was lower.There was a significant linear correlation between soil total nitrogen content and organic matter content.The regression equation was Y=0.039 8X+0.376 9， and the correlation coefficient was 0.65.The accumulation of organic matter and total nitrogen content basically conformed to the formation law of different classified soils.The content of soil alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen was generally above the middle level， and the average content level reached the third level standard.The content of available phosphorus in soil was generally at the upper and middle level， and the average content level reached the first level standard.The content of soil available potassium and slowly available potassium was in the lower middle level.The contents of alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen， available phosphorus， available potassium and slowly available potassium in different soil types were significantly different， and there was no obvious regularity，which was mainly affected by the application of chemical fertilizer.

Key words Dongjiang River Basin;Middle and lower reaches；Huicheng District;Soil classification;Nutrient characteristics

基金項(xiàng)目 廣東省農(nóng)業(yè)科技特派員項(xiàng)目（2019SC0317052）。

作者簡介 康 軒（1983—），男，河北辛集人，高級農(nóng)藝師，碩士，從事土壤學(xué)、植物營養(yǎng)學(xué)研究。

收稿日期 2023-10-24

土地是人類賴以生存和發(fā)展的物質(zhì)基礎(chǔ)，是一切物質(zhì)生產(chǎn)的基本源泉，而耕地是土地的精華，是人們從事農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)最重要的資源，是人類的衣食之源、發(fā)展之本［1-3］。……