我國昆明犬發展困境與破局

摘要 犬種資源是我國犬業發展特別是警犬工作的“芯片”，實現犬種資源的自主化和高質量發展是我國警犬解除“卡脖子”風險和邁向國際一流的關鍵。聚焦我國唯一自主知識產權警犬品種——昆明犬，以其發源地昆明警犬基地2018—2022年各項數據為研究樣本，研究發現昆明犬在我國犬業發展和警犬工作中肩負重任。與犬業發達國家相比，我國昆明犬發展基礎薄弱，存在數量嚴重不足和質量發展的路徑缺失。從昆明犬發展的理論缺陷和現實缺失進行解構，對昆明犬的發展困境進行問題識別，從種質資源的綜合開發、育種核心技術的創新應用、警用性能開發搭建、完善昆明犬產業化鏈條等維度重構昆明犬發展路徑，旨在為化解我國警犬種源風險提供有益借鑒。

關鍵詞 昆明犬；發展困境；破局

中圖分類號 S829.2 文獻標識碼 A

文章編號 0517-6611（2024）18-0071-07

doi：10.3969/j.issn.0517-6611.2024.18.016

開放科學（資源服務）標識碼（OSID）：

Development Dilemma and Breakdown of Chinese Kunming Dog

FANG Shao-qin1，2，WAN Gui1，2，HUANG Qiu-yue1，2 et al

（1.Kunming Police Dog Base，Ministry of Public Security，Kunming，Yunnan 650204;2.Key Laboratory of Police Dog Technology，Ministry of Public Security，Kunming，Yunnan 650204）

Abstract Breed resources are the “chips” of China’s canine industry development，especially the work of police dogs，and the realization of independent and high-quality development of breed resources is the key to lifting the “neck” risk of China’s police dogs and moving towards international first-class.Focusing on China’s only independent intellectual property rights police dog breed—Kunming dog，with its birthplace Kunming Police Dog Base 2018-2022 data as a research sample，it was shown that the Kunming dog in China’s canine industry development and the police dog work shoulder a heavy responsibility.However，compared with the developed countries in the canine industry，the foundation for the development of Kunming dogs was weak，and there was a serious shortage of quantitative development and a lack of paths for qualitative development.Deconstructing the theoretical deficiencies and real-life deficiencies of the development of Kunming dogs，identifying the problems in the development dilemmas of Kunming dogs，and reconstructing the dimensions of comprehensive development of germplasm resources，innovative application of core breeding technology，development of police performance to build and improve the keystrokes of the Kunming dog industrialization，etc.， the Kunming The path of development of Kunming dogs would provide a useful reference for solving the risk of police dog seed source in China.

Key words Kunming dogs;Development dilemma;Breakthrough

基金項目 公安部技術研究重點項目（2022JSZ17）；公安部應用創新項目（2018YYCXYNST059）。

作者簡介 方紹勤（1984—），男，云南鎮雄人，副研究員，碩士，從事昆明犬種質資源保護與警用性能開發研究。

收稿日期 2023-10-18

警犬是公安機關警力的延伸，在反恐處突、偵查破案、安保警衛、安全檢查、社會面和口岸邊境管控等領域發揮著獨特作用。特別是隨著我國國際地位的上升，各種國際性活動、展覽等大型活動紛至沓來，警犬安保在數量和質量需求上都呈現幾何級增長，警犬已經成為社會公共安全領域的重要技術力量和“戰斗必備單元”。……