典型黃壤煙田莠去津殘留降解及煙草致害閾值研究

摘要" 通過田間試驗研究貴州典型黃壤煙田莠去津的殘留和消解動態，闡明煙草的藥害發生及煙草的致害閾值與安全間隔期，并分析土壤環境因素對莠去津半衰期的影響。結果表明：莠去津對煙草生長發育的抑制作用十分明顯，顯示為葉片瘦小、嚴重者畸形，老葉葉尖脈黃化。煙草株高抑制率、葉面積抑制率與莠去津施藥劑量均呈極顯著正相關，隨莠去津施用劑量的增加，株高和葉面積的抑制率增加。莠去津在典型黃壤中降解半衰期為8.45～11.95 d，田間安全隔離期應長于48.6 d，莠去津降解半衰期與土壤有機質含量呈顯著正相關，與pH和速效鉀呈顯著負相關，與堿解氮和有效磷含量相關性不顯著。研究結果對黃壤高粱/玉米-煙草輪作系統除草劑合理施用及煙葉安全性具有重要指導價值。

關鍵詞" 黃壤煙田；莠去津；殘留降解；致害閾值；安全間隔期

中圖分類號" X171" 文獻標識碼" A" 文章編號" 0517-6611（2024）05-0085-03

doi：10.3969/j.issn.0517-6611.2024.05.020

開放科學（資源服務）標識碼（OSID）：

Study on the Residual Degradation of Atrazine and Damage Threshold of Tobacco in Typical Yellow Soil Tobacco Fields

ZHAO Xu-ying1， PENG Liang-rui1， LI Cai-bin2 et al

（1. Tobacco Research Institute of CAAS， Qingdao，Shandong 266101;2. Bijie Tobacco Branch Company， Bijie， Guizhou 563000）

Abstract" Field experiments were conducted to study the residue and degradation dynamics of atrazine in typical yellow soil tobacco fields in Guizhou Province，the occurrence of tobacco pesticide damage and the threshold and safety interval of tobacco damage was elucidated.The effects of soil environmental factors on the half-life of atrazine was analyzed. The results showed that atrazine inhibited the growth of tobacco significantly， which showed that the leaves were small， serious deformity， the old leaf tip vein began to yellow. The inhibition rates of plant height and leaf area were significantly positively correlated with atrazine dosage. The inhibition rates of plant height and leaf area increased with the increase of atrazine dosage. The degradation half-life of atrazine in typical yellow soil was 8.45-11.95 d， and the safe isolation period in the field should be longer than 48.6 d. The degradation half-life of atrazine was significantly positively correlated with the content of soil organic matter， there was significant negative correlation with pH and available potassium， but no significant correlation with available phosphorus and available nitrogen. The results had great significance to the scientific application of herbicides and tobacco safety in the sorghum/maize-tobacco rotation area of yellow soil.

Key words" Yellow soil tobacco field;Atrazine;Residual degradation;Hazard threshold;Safety interval

基金項目" 貴州省煙草公司畢節市公司科技項目（2020520500240072，2023520500240162）；湖南省煙草公司衡陽市公司科技項目（2020430400240090）；中國農業科學院科技創新工程項目（ASTIP-TRIC06）。

作者簡介" 趙旭影（1997—），女，河北滄州人，碩士研究生，研究方向：產地環境質量安全防控技術。

*通信作者，農藝師，從事煙田生物炭及煙葉種植技術研究。

收稿日期" 2023-03-29

莠去津（atrazine，ATZ），化學名稱為2-氯-4-二乙胺基-6-異丙胺基-1，3，5-二嗪，是一種人工合成的選擇性內吸傳導型三嗪類除草劑，主要用于防除一年生禾本科雜草和闊葉雜草［1］，具有除草效率高、價格低廉等優點。……