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關鍵詞:黔南州;土地利用;生態系統服務價值;空間自相關
中圖分類號:F301.24 文獻標識碼:A 文章編號:1006-060X(2023)05-0094-07
Abstract:Based on the land use data of Qiannan Prefecture (located in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River and Pearl River) from 2009 to 2019, the study used the land use transfer matrix, ecosystem service value evaluation method and spatial autocorrelation analysis method to analyze land use changes of Qiannan Prefecture in 10 years and impacts on regional ecosystem service value (ESV). The results showed that the land use structure changed significantly in Qiannan Prefecture: the increased area of woodland was the largest, the area of garden land increased the most, and the area of construction land and water area increased obviously; both the decreased area and extent in grassland were the largest, and the area of unused land and farmland showed a decreasing trend. The transfer area among different land use types was large, reaching 880 833.92 hm2 and accounting for 33.62% of the total land area in the prefecture, mainly in the conversion of farmland and grassland into woodland, and farmland and woodland into construction land. The net increase of ESV in Qiannan Prefecture was 34.017 billion yuan, of which the increase of the ecological service equivalent factor value and the change of the land use structure contributed 70.20% and 29.80%, respectively. Woodland played a leading role in ecosystem services in Qiannan Prefecture, and contributed 83.16% to regional ESV in 2019. The ESV profit and loss in Qiannan Prefecture showed a significant positive autocorrelation in space, with the high value area further gathering and increasing, and the low value area further gathering and expanding. Therefore, it could be seen that the quality of ecological environment in Qiannan Prefecture was greatly improved in 10 years, making positive contributions to the stability of ecological environment in the Yangtze River and Pearl River basins.
Key words: Qiannan Prefecture; land use; ecosystem service value; spatial autocorrelation
生態系統服務是指人類從生態系統中獲得的生存與發展必需的物質和服務,包括直接或間接獲取到的產品或惠益[1]。生態系統服務價值(Ecosystem Service Value,ESV)測算是以貨幣的形式來測算生態系統所產生的價值[2],生態系統服務價值是環境保護及生態補償支付的重要依據[3-4]。土地作為地表基礎,其利用發生變化將引起生態系統結構、營養層次及成分等發生改變,從而導致生態系統服務價值發生變化?!?br>