長江、珠江上游土地利用及其生態系統服務價值空間變化研究

摘 要：基于長江、珠江上游黔南州2009—2019年土地利用數據，采用土地利用轉移矩陣、生態系統服務價值評估方法及空間自相關性分析方法，分析黔南州10 a間的土地利用變化情況及其對區域生態系統服務價值（ESV）的影響。研究發現，黔南州土地利用結構變化明顯，林地面積增加最多，園地面積增幅最大，建設用地和水域面積增長明顯，而草地面積減少最多、減幅也最大，未利用地和耕地面積均呈減少趨勢；各土地利用類型間相互轉移面積較大，達880 833.92 hm2，占全州國土面積的比例達33.62%，主要特征為耕地、草地轉變為林地，耕地、林地轉為建設用地等。黔南州ESV凈增加340.17億元，生態服務當量因子價值增加和土地利用結構變化分別貢獻凈增益的70.20%和29.80%；林地在黔南州生態系統服務中起著主導作用，2019年林地對地區ESV的貢獻達83.16%。黔南州ESV損益在空間上具有顯著的正自相關性，其高值區進一步聚集增加，低值區進一步聚集擴大。可見，10年間黔南州生態環境質量大幅提升，對長江、珠江流域生態環境穩定作出積極貢獻。

關鍵詞：黔南州；土地利用；生態系統服務價值；空間自相關

中圖分類號：F301.24 文獻標識碼：A 文章編號：1006-060X（2023）05-0094-07

Abstract：Based on the land use data of Qiannan Prefecture （located in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River and Pearl River） from 2009 to 2019， the study used the land use transfer matrix， ecosystem service value evaluation method and spatial autocorrelation analysis method to analyze land use changes of Qiannan Prefecture in 10 years and impacts on regional ecosystem service value （ESV）. The results showed that the land use structure changed significantly in Qiannan Prefecture： the increased area of woodland was the largest， the area of garden land increased the most， and the area of construction land and water area increased obviously; both the decreased area and extent in grassland were the largest， and the area of unused land and farmland showed a decreasing trend. The transfer area among different land use types was large， reaching 880 833.92 hm2 and accounting for 33.62% of the total land area in the prefecture， mainly in the conversion of farmland and grassland into woodland， and farmland and woodland into construction land. The net increase of ESV in Qiannan Prefecture was 34.017 billion yuan， of which the increase of the ecological service equivalent factor value and the change of the land use structure contributed 70.20% and 29.80%， respectively. Woodland played a leading role in ecosystem services in Qiannan Prefecture， and contributed 83.16% to regional ESV in 2019. The ESV profit and loss in Qiannan Prefecture showed a significant positive autocorrelation in space， with the high value area further gathering and increasing， and the low value area further gathering and expanding. Therefore， it could be seen that the quality of ecological environment in Qiannan Prefecture was greatly improved in 10 years， making positive contributions to the stability of ecological environment in the Yangtze River and Pearl River basins.

Key words： Qiannan Prefecture; land use; ecosystem service value; spatial autocorrelation

生態系統服務是指人類從生態系統中獲得的生存與發展必需的物質和服務，包括直接或間接獲取到的產品或惠益[1]。生態系統服務價值（Ecosystem Service Value，ESV）測算是以貨幣的形式來測算生態系統所產生的價值[2]，生態系統服務價值是環境保護及生態補償支付的重要依據[3-4]。土地作為地表基礎，其利用發生變化將引起生態系統結構、營養層次及成分等發生改變，從而導致生態系統服務價值發生變化?！?br>