基于遙感數(shù)據(jù)的湖南雙季稻地理空間分異特征?

摘 要：基于中高空間分辨率雙季稻種植面積遙感數(shù)據(jù)產(chǎn)品，運(yùn)用地理空間分異分析方法，從像元尺度對(duì)湖南雙季稻的地理空間分異特征進(jìn)行分析。結(jié)果表明：湖南雙季稻的地理空間分異特征明顯，主要分布在武陵山脈以東、幕阜山以西的洞庭湖平原地區(qū)，雪峰山以東、羅霄山以西、南嶺山脈以北的湘中丘陵盆地地區(qū)；緯度上，雙季稻面積從南到北呈3個(gè)階梯式上升態(tài)勢(shì)，核心緯度為28.5°N～29.2°N；經(jīng)度上，呈自西向東先增后減的分布態(tài)勢(shì)，核心經(jīng)度為112.4°E～113.0°E；海拔上，隨海拔升高而不斷下降，核心海拔為105 m以下的低海拔區(qū)；坡度在9°以下地區(qū)的耕地中雙季稻的種植比例達(dá)到近三成；洞庭湖地區(qū)為雙季稻種植的主要地區(qū)，其面積與耕地占比在湖南4大區(qū)域經(jīng)濟(jì)板塊中均為最高。

關(guān)鍵詞：雙季稻；遙感數(shù)據(jù)產(chǎn)品；地理空間分異；湖南

中圖分類號(hào)：S511；TP751 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼：A 文章編號(hào)：1006-060X（2023）05-0082-06

Abstract：Based on medium to high spatial resolution remote sensing data products for planting area of double-season rice， the spatial heterogeneity analysis method was used to analyze the geographical spatial differentiation characteristics of Hunan double-season rice on pixel scale. The results showed that the characteristics of geographical spatial differentiation of double-season rice in Hunan were obvious. Double-season rice was mainly distributed in the Dongting Lake plain area located between the east of Wuling Mountains and the west of Mufu Mountains， and in the central Hunan hilly basin area surrounded by the east of Xuefeng Mountains， the west of Luoxiao Mountains and the north of Nanling Mountains. In latitude， the area of double-season rice increased in three steps from south to north， with the core latitude ranging from 28.5°N to 29.2°N. In longitude， the area increased first and then decreased from west to east， and its core longitude was from 112.4°E to 113.0°E. In altitude， the area decreased with increasing altitudes， and was concentrated at the altitude below 105 m. Nearly 30% of cultivated land in the area with slope below 9 degrees was double-season rice. The Dongting Lake area is the main producing area of double-season rice， whose area and cultivated land both occupy the highest proportions among the four major regional economic sectors in Hunan Province.

Key words：double-season rice; remote sensing data products; geographical spatial differentiation; Hunan

水稻是我國(guó)主要糧食作物之一，2020年我國(guó)水稻播種面積為3 007.6×104 hm2，占全國(guó)糧食總播種面積的25.76%[1]。水稻空間分布狀況可以反映生產(chǎn)者對(duì)農(nóng)業(yè)自然氣候資源與社會(huì)生產(chǎn)要素的利用與分配，是農(nóng)業(yè)土地系統(tǒng)研究的重要內(nèi)容[2]，也是農(nóng)作物定量遙感[3]、水資源利用[4]、農(nóng)業(yè)資源化利用[5]、農(nóng)產(chǎn)品國(guó)際貿(mào)易[6]等研究的基礎(chǔ)數(shù)據(jù)。當(dāng)前國(guó)際形勢(shì)呈現(xiàn)復(fù)雜嚴(yán)峻態(tài)勢(shì)，黨的二十大報(bào)告作出了全方位夯實(shí)糧食安全根基的戰(zhàn)略部署，準(zhǔn)確掌握水稻空間分布特征對(duì)優(yōu)化水稻生產(chǎn)布局、保障國(guó)家糧食安全具有重要意義。

水稻面積遙感數(shù)據(jù)是研究區(qū)域水稻分布空間特征的基礎(chǔ)數(shù)據(jù)，相對(duì)于調(diào)查、統(tǒng)計(jì)等途徑獲取的水稻面積數(shù)據(jù)，水稻面積遙感數(shù)據(jù)在宏觀性、時(shí)效性、準(zhǔn)確性等方面具有明顯優(yōu)勢(shì)[7]?！?br>