餐廚垃圾生物轉(zhuǎn)化效率及其殘?jiān)柿匣脻摿?

摘 要：為明確餐廚垃圾的生物轉(zhuǎn)化效率及其殘?jiān)姆柿匣脻摿Γ治鎏接懥送ㄟ^(guò)養(yǎng)殖蠅蛆和黑水虻幼蟲(chóng)降解餐廚垃圾的料蟲(chóng)轉(zhuǎn)化率、養(yǎng)分轉(zhuǎn)化率、殘?jiān)砘再|(zhì)、鹽分殘留量及養(yǎng)分資源供給能力等。結(jié)果表明：蠅蛆和黑水虻幼蟲(chóng)的料蟲(chóng)轉(zhuǎn)化率約10%；蠅蛆對(duì)餐廚垃圾的養(yǎng)分轉(zhuǎn)化率在12.53%～29.45%之間，養(yǎng)分轉(zhuǎn)化率高低表現(xiàn)為鉀＞氮＞有機(jī)質(zhì)＞磷，而黑水虻幼蟲(chóng)對(duì)餐廚垃圾的養(yǎng)分轉(zhuǎn)化率在14.64%～41.94%之間，養(yǎng)分轉(zhuǎn)化率高低表現(xiàn)為鉀＞磷＞氮＞有機(jī)質(zhì)；蠅蛆和黑水虻幼蟲(chóng)蟲(chóng)體中氮、磷、鉀總含量在12%左右，蛋白質(zhì)含量分別為58.88%和47.56%。生物轉(zhuǎn)化后殘?jiān)黳H值接近中性，氮、磷、鉀總養(yǎng)分含量＞8%、有機(jī)質(zhì)含量＞50%，均滿足有機(jī)肥料標(biāo)準(zhǔn)要求且活性有機(jī)質(zhì)含量較高；殘?jiān)泻猩倭库c鹽和氯離子，應(yīng)盡量避免長(zhǎng)期直接施用帶來(lái)的潛在風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。

關(guān)鍵詞：餐廚垃圾；蠅蛆；黑水虻；生物轉(zhuǎn)化；肥料化

中圖分類(lèi)號(hào)：X799.3 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼：A 文章編號(hào)：1006-060X（2023）05-0070-04

Abstract：To determine the bioconversion efficiency of kitchen waste and the fertilization potential of correspondingly bioconversed residues， our experiment has investigated and analyzed the waste-insect conversion rates and the nutrient conversion rates of housefly larvae and black soldier fly larvae to kitchen waste， and the physicochemical properties， sodium salt and chloride ion contents， and nutrient supply capacity of the bioconversed residue of kitchen waste. The results indicated that the waste-insect conversion rates of housefly larvae and black soldier fly larvae to kitchen waste were about 10%. The nutrient conversion rate of housefly larvae to kitchen waste was 12.53%-29.45% in order of Kgt;Ngt;OMgt;P， and that of black soldier fly larvae was 14.64%-41.94% in order of Kgt;Pgt;Ngt;OM." In housefly larvae and black soldier fly larvae， the total contents of N， P and K were about 12%， and the content of protein was 58.88% and 47.56%， respectively. The pH value of residues after bioconversion was close to neutral， the total content of N， P and K was gt;8%， and the content of organic matter was gt;50%， which met the standard of organic fertilizer. Furthermore， a high level of active organic matter was detected in the residues. However， it is suggested that potential risk of long-term or direct application should be avoided due to Na+ and Cl- in residues.

Key words：kitchen waste; housefly larvae; black soldier fly larvae; bioconversion; fertilization

餐廚垃圾具有危害性和資源性并存的特點(diǎn)，其傳統(tǒng)利用方式，如作為潲水（泔水）飼喂動(dòng)物或焚燒、填埋等，存在較多弊端。近年來(lái)，隨著人們環(huán)保意識(shí)的提升和垃圾分類(lèi)工作的推進(jìn)，餐廚垃圾無(wú)害化、資源化利用逐漸引起各界關(guān)注。目前，國(guó)內(nèi)外在餐廚垃圾厭氧發(fā)酵工藝[1-2]、堆肥利用技術(shù)[3-4]等方面取得了一定的研究成果，但我國(guó)對(duì)餐廚垃圾處理利用的研究起步較晚，目前僅有19.5%的餐廚垃圾得到有效處理和利用[5]，相對(duì)發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家而言仍處于較低水平，其綜合高效與資源化利用技術(shù)仍然短缺。……