海南省農產品基地土壤重金屬污染現狀及潛在生態風險評價?

摘 要：為評估海南省農產品基地土壤重金屬污染現狀及潛在生態風險，監測了海南省8個農產品基地表層土壤Cd、Hg、As、Pb、Cr、Cu、Ni、Zn等重金屬的含量，并采用單因子污染指數法、內梅羅綜合污染指數評價法和潛在生態風險指數法對其重金屬污染情況進行評價。結果表明：從單因子污染指數來看，8個農產品基地97.5%的點位重金屬含量低于風險篩選值，2.5%的點位重金屬含量高于風險篩選值，高于風險篩選值的點位位于A8基地，高于風險篩選值的重金屬為Cd；從內梅羅綜合污染指數來看，97.5%的點位評價結果為清潔，2.5%的點位評價結果為預警；從潛在生態風險指數來看，海南省8個農產品基地的土壤重金屬污染潛在生態風險等級以輕微和中度風險等級為主，點位比例分別為50%、45%，強度風險等級的點位比例為5%，無很強和極強生態風險等級點位；其中，潛在生態風險等級為強度的點位位于A1基地和A8基地，主要污染物為Cd。總體來看，海南省這8個農產品基地土壤環境質量總體優良，個別基地局部土壤Cd存在一定生態風險。

關鍵詞：農產品基地；土壤；重金屬；內梅羅指數；潛在生態風險指數

中圖分類號：X53 文獻標識碼：A 文章編號：1006-060X（2023）05-0064-06

Abstract：In order to know the current situation and potential ecological risk of soil heavy metal pollution in Hainan agricultural product bases， cadmium， mercury， arsenic， lead， chromium， copper， nickel and zinc levels in topsoil of eight agricultural product bases in Hainan Province have been monitored， and evaluated by single factor pollution index method， Nemerow pollution index evaluation method and potential ecological risk index method. The results have shown that seen from single factor pollution index， the heavy metal levels of 97.5% soil sampling sites at the eight agricultural product bases are lower than the risk screening value， 2.5% sites are above the risk screening value， which are located in A8 base， and the heavy metal above the risk screening value is Cd. Seen from Nemerow pollution index， 97.5% soil sampling sites are clean， and 2.5% sites are in early warning. Seen from potential ecological risk index， the potential ecological risk levels of soil heavy metal pollution of the eight bases are mainly mild （accounting for 50%） and moderate （45%）， the rest 5% are at potential high risk level， therefore no sites are at very strong or extremely strong ecological risk levels. The sites with high potential ecological risk level are located in A1 and A8 bases， and the main pollutant is cadmium. Generally， the soil environmental quality of the eight agricultural product bases in Hainan Province is good， though there is certain ecological risk of soil cadmium in individual bases.

Key words：agricultural product base; soil; heavy metal; Nemerow pollution index; potential ecological risk index

農田或農產品基地土壤重金屬污染的生態風險評價是近年研究的熱點之一[1-4]，但研究區域大多集中在污染源附近的小尺度范圍[5-7]，對省級層面主要農產品生產基地土壤重金屬綜合生態風險評價工作研究不多。該研究以海南省為研究區域，分析了8個農產……