硅鈣鎂土壤調(diào)理劑在油菜上的應(yīng)用效果?

摘 要：通過田間小區(qū)試驗(yàn)研究了硅鈣鎂土壤調(diào)理劑對(duì)土壤理化性質(zhì)、油菜生長發(fā)育和經(jīng)濟(jì)效益的影響。結(jié)果表明：施用硅鈣鎂土壤調(diào)理劑顆粒和粉劑均能夠明顯改善土壤地力，促進(jìn)油菜生長，改善油菜植株的經(jīng)濟(jì)性狀；與農(nóng)戶習(xí)慣施肥相比，T2（顆粒）和T3（粉劑）處理的土壤pH值分別提高了0.22和0.26個(gè)單位，土壤有機(jī)質(zhì)、堿解氮、有效磷、速效鉀的含量分別增加了5.32%和9.13%、5.36%和8.18%、4.36%和11.00%、16.26%和39.76%；油菜產(chǎn)量分別增加了11.02%和18.88%，株高、單株有效角果數(shù)、角果長、千粒重、出油率分別提高了6.14和8.96 cm、7.54和14.73個(gè)、1.50和1.76 cm、0.11和0.12 g、2.08和2.12個(gè)百分點(diǎn)；純收入分別增加10.72和129.74元/667m2。綜合來看，硅鈣鎂土壤調(diào)理劑粉劑的改良效果更好，適宜在油菜生產(chǎn)上示范與推廣。

關(guān)鍵詞：油菜；土壤調(diào)理劑；土壤肥力；經(jīng)濟(jì)性狀；收入

中圖分類號(hào)：S144.9 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼：A 文章編號(hào)：1006-060X（2023）05-0049-04

Abstract：A field plot experiment was conducted to study the effects of Si-Ca-Mg soil conditioners on soil physicochemical properties， and growth， development and economic benefits of oilseed rape. The results showed that the application of granule- or powder-type soil conditioner could obviously improve soil fertility， and promote the growth of rape plants and improve their economic characters. Compared with the conventional fertilization of farmers， in T2 （granule） and T3 （powder）， soil pH value and the contents of soil organic matter， alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen， available phosphorus and available potassium increased by 0.22 and 0.26 units， 5.32% and 9.13%， 5.36% and 8.18%， 4.36% and 11.00%， and 16.26% and 39.76%， respectively; rapeseed yield， plant height， the effective silique number per plant， silique length， 1 000-seed weight and oil yield increased by 11.02% and 18.88%， 6.14 cm and 8.96 cm， 7.54 and 14.73， 1.50 cm and 1.76 cm， 0.11 g and 0.12 g， and 2.08% and 2.12%， respectively; and the net income increased by 160.8 yuan/hm2 and 1 946.1 yuan/hm2， respectively. Comprehensive evaluation has shown that T3 （habitual fertilization + soil conditioning powder） has a better effect， and is suitable for demonstration and popularization in rape production.

Key words：oilseed rape; soil conditioner; soil fertility; economic characters; income

土壤是農(nóng)業(yè)的基礎(chǔ)[1]，土壤環(huán)境條件與肥力狀況是作物營養(yǎng)供應(yīng)和品質(zhì)提升的保障[2]。土壤酸化是指土壤中的H+和Al3+數(shù)量增加，使土壤中堿性（鹽基）離子淋失的過程，是土壤質(zhì)量退化的主要形式之一[3]。土壤酸化不僅會(huì)造成土壤中鈣、鎂、磷等營養(yǎng)元素的流失，土壤理化性質(zhì)惡化，土壤微生物活性降低，而且會(huì)使得土壤中重金屬化合物和金屬元素Al3+的有效性提高，而酸性土壤中Al3+的毒害是抑制作物生長和導(dǎo)致作物減產(chǎn)的主要原因[2-5]。

土壤調(diào)理劑可以改良土壤酸度[6]，增強(qiáng)作物抗病抗旱能力[7]，改善作物品質(zhì)和產(chǎn)量[8]，具有效果好、成本低、無毒副作用等優(yōu)點(diǎn)[9-10]。有不少報(bào)道認(rèn)為，酸化土壤施用調(diào)理劑對(duì)油菜的生長發(fā)育、產(chǎn)量構(gòu)成及土壤pH值具有明顯改善作用[4，11-12]。……