不同栽培方式對黃金茶土壤環境及幼苗生長的影響?

摘 要：為了明確黃金茶采用覆膜與起壟栽培的技術效果，在湘西州的高溫干旱季節，以黃金茶1號為試材，研究了不同栽培方式對黃金茶土壤環境及幼苗生長的影響。結果表明：覆膜起壟（FQ）和覆膜不起壟（FB）0～10和10～20 cm的土壤溫度始終高于不覆膜起壟（BQ）和不覆膜不起壟（BB），以FQ的溫度最高；FQ和FB處理0～10 cm土壤濕度大于BQ和BB處理，且FQ處理10～20 cm土壤濕度在整個試驗期間始終大于其他處理；FQ處理的土壤含水量顯著高于其他處理；FQ處理的茶苗成活率最高，其次是BQ處理，成活率分別為85.0%和31.7%；茶苗的側根數以FQ最多，單株重以FQ最重。因此，覆膜起壟栽培有利于茶苗生長，可以達到提高茶樹幼苗抗旱性的效果。

關鍵詞：黃金茶；覆膜；起壟；栽培；干旱季節；湘西州

中圖分類號：S671.1 文獻標識碼：A 文章編號：1006-060X（2023）05-0029-05

Abstract：This experiment， using Golden Tea No. 1 as material， has studied the effects of film mulching and/or ridging cultivation on the soil environment and seedling growth of golden tea in the high temperature and drought season of Xiangxi Prefecture. The results showed that soil temperatures at 0-10 cm and 10-20 cm depths in treatments of film mulching with ridging （FQ）， and film mulching without ridging （FB） were always higher than those in treatments of ridging without film mulching （BQ）， and no mulching and ridging （BB）， with temperature in treatment FQ being the highest. Soil humidity at 0-10 cm depth in treatments FQ and FB was larger than that in treatments BQ and BB， and soil humidity at 10-20 cm depth in treatment FQ was always bigger than that in the other treatments during the experiment. Furthermore， to treatment FQ， its soil water content was significantly higher than that of the other treatments， its tea seedling survival rate was the highest， followed by that of treatment BQ， reaching 85% and 31.7%， respectively， and its lateral root number and single plant weight were also the largest. Therefore， the film mulching and ridging cultivation technology is conducive to the growth of golden tea seedlings， thus improving their drought resistance.

Key words：golden tea; film mulching; ridging; cultivation; drought season; Xiangxi Prefecture

近年來，我國茶葉種植規模逐年上升，但隨著全球氣候變暖和非農業用水需求的增加[1]，我國長江中下游的主要產茶區常發生伏旱、秋旱現象，這對茶樹的正常生長以及茶葉的產量和質量都有明顯影響，尤其是對新建的幼齡茶園，由于幼苗根系淺、行間裸露面積大，干旱所造成的受害程度明顯大于成齡茶園。灌溉、遮陰是生產上應對干旱的主要措施，但由于部分茶園的地理位置偏遠、水資源短缺、灌溉設備有限，很難應對茶園長時間的旱害，常造成茶樹的成園時間推遲，影響茶葉生產的經濟效益，從而制約了茶產業的發展。覆膜可通過影響土壤溫濕度、光照等環境因素來調控土壤水分與理化性狀，有效減少水肥流失[2]，具有抑制雜草生長、減少病蟲害發生的作用[3]；……