密度和株行距對中低產田水稻產量及灌漿期光合特征的影響?

摘 要：為構建中低產田雜交中稻高產群體，采用田間小區試驗，研究株行距對中低產田雜交中稻產量、干物質分配及灌漿期光合特征等性狀的影響。結果表明：等株行距和寬行窄株距2種栽培模式下，較低的移栽密度有利于增加中低產田水稻劍葉SPAD值，提升凈光合速率，促進水稻生長；而較高的移栽密度可獲得較高的水稻群體生物量，并具有較高的收獲指數，有利于構建水稻高產群體結構而實現水稻高產。同一密度栽培條件下，寬行窄株距栽培模式的水稻劍葉SPAD值、凈光合效率以及群體生物量均高于等株行距栽培模式，寬行窄株距栽培更有利于水稻高產群體的構建。試驗結果還表明，構建中低產田水稻高產群體結構的最優栽培密度為29.85萬株/hm2的寬行窄株距栽培。

關鍵詞：雜交中稻；中低產田；移栽密度；株行距；產量；光合特性

中圖分類號：S511.048.1 文獻標識碼：A 文章編號：1006-060X（2023）05-0014-06

Abstract：In order to construct high yield population of mid-season hybrid rice in medium-low yield fields， a field plot experiment was conducted to analyze the effects of planting density and plant-row spacing on rice yield， the distribution of dry matter， and photosynthesis characteristics at grain filling stage in medium-low yield fields. The results showed that the low planting densities were beneficial to increasing the SPAD value and the net photosynthetic rate of rice flag leaf and promoting the growth of rice under the cultivation modes of equal plant-row spacing and wide-row and narrow-plant spacing. However， the high planting densities could obtain high population biomass and harvest indices， which was conducive to the construction of high yield population structure and the realization of high yield of rice. The SPAD value and net photosynthetic rate of rice flag leaf and population biomass under the wide-row and narrow-plant spacing cultivation mode were higher than those under the equal plant-row spacing cultivation mode， and the wide-row and narrow-plant spacing cultivation mode was more conducive to the construction of high-yield population of rice in the same density cultivation conditions. The results of this study also showed that the optimal cultivation density for the construction of high yield population structure of rice in medium-low yield fields was" 298 500 plants/hm2 with wide-row and narrow-plant spacing.

Key words：mid-season hybrid rice; medium-low yield field; planting density; plant-row spacing; yield; photosynthesis characteristics

水稻高產是穩定我國糧食產量，確保我國糧食安全的重要形式。良種、良田、良法、良態則是實現水稻高產必不可少的重要因素[1]。良種、良田、良態是實現水稻高產的客觀基礎條件，良法則是實現水稻高產的重要手段，也是人為調控的主要環節。20世紀50年代開始，我國開始了作物群體相關研究，以期通過高產群體的構建實現水稻高產。大量研究表明，合理的株行距、移栽密度等田間配置對水稻產量潛力的發揮起到至關重要的作用，可為構建良好的水稻群體結構奠定基礎[2-5]。不……