

摘 要:推廣“一季+再生”水稻種植模式是近年湖南省提高糧食生產能力的重要舉措。在2022年極端高溫干旱條件下,筆者在湖南婁底市開展了15個再生稻雜交稻品種的篩選試驗,分析了各品種的經濟性狀與小區產量表現,定性描述了各品種的田間綜合表現。結果表明:15個參試品種的全生育期為203~213 d,兩季產量為10.17~13.29 t/hm2;綜合來看,荃優粵農絲苗、隆晶優1212和隆晶優蒂占3個品種的生育期適中、再生能力較強、綜合性狀優良,2季產量在13.20 t/hm2左右,適合在婁底地區做再生稻推廣種植。
關鍵詞:再生稻;品種篩選;高產;高溫干旱;婁底
中圖分類號:S511 文獻標識碼:A 文章編號:1006-060X(2023)05-0005-05
Abstract:Implementing the model of \"one season rice + ratooning rice\" is an important measure to increase the grain productivity in Hunan Province in recent years. Under extreme high temperature and drought conditions in 2022, the field test on screening ratooning rice varieties from 15 hybrid rice combinations was conducted in Loudi, Hunan. The economic traits, plot yield and comprehensive performance for each tested variety were analyzed. The results showed that, the whole growth period of the 15 varieties ranged from 203 to 213 days, and the total yield was from 10.17 to 13.29 t/hm2. Comprehensively, the three varieties QuanyouyueNongsimiao, Longjingyou1212 and LongjingyouDizhan are suitable for popularization and cultivation in Loudi as ratooning rice for their moderate" growth periods, strong ability of regeneration, excellent comprehensive traits, and a high total yield of 13.20 t/hm2 in two seasons.
Key words: ratooning rice; varietal screening; high yield; high temperature and drought; Loudi
婁底市地處湘中腹地,以山區和丘陵地貌為主,受亞熱帶季風影響而雨熱同期,現主要發展雙季稻和單季稻。近年來,為進一步提高光熱資源利用效率,促進糧食生產穩定,湖南省明確支持湘中單季稻生產區域推廣“一季+再生”水稻種植模式,為婁底市提高糧食產能指明了方向。再生稻是指頭季收獲后,實施相應田間管理措施,促使頭季稻樁上的腋芽生長發育、抽穗結實,實現一種兩收或多次收獲的水稻或水稻種植模式[1]。婁底市水稻種植面積常年保持在24.43萬hm2以上,常住人口約382萬人,依靠發展再生稻來提升人均口糧仍有很大空間。“十三五”期間,以占全省4.2%的耕地生產了占全省5.3%的糧食。2018年以來,婁底市大力推廣湖南農業大學水稻栽培團隊研究集成的機收再生稻“四防一增”栽培技術[2]和湖南雜交水稻研究中心“三一工程”項目“一季超級雜交稻+再生稻糧食周年生產模式”[3],取得了明顯成效。……