女子單打網(wǎng)球比賽前四拍的重要性及應(yīng)用

摘 "要：隨著球拍科技的進(jìn)步與女子運(yùn)動(dòng)員身體素質(zhì)的提高，女子打法越來(lái)越趨于快節(jié)奏對(duì)抗且其進(jìn)攻性不斷增強(qiáng)，女子單打網(wǎng)球比賽中前四拍球的質(zhì)量及占比越來(lái)越重要，比賽也更加吸引觀眾。但是，在實(shí)際訓(xùn)練時(shí)絕大多數(shù)網(wǎng)球教練仍在沿用15-20年前訓(xùn)練方式，只注重于穩(wěn)定性的訓(xùn)練，占整個(gè)訓(xùn)練總時(shí)數(shù)的70%-80%，導(dǎo)致訓(xùn)練和比賽脫節(jié)。本文通過(guò)對(duì)職業(yè)女子單打網(wǎng)球比賽的錄像進(jìn)行前四拍技戰(zhàn)術(shù)的分析和總結(jié)，結(jié)合高校女子網(wǎng)球高水平運(yùn)動(dòng)員的比賽數(shù)據(jù)，對(duì)比傳統(tǒng)訓(xùn)練方法和現(xiàn)代訓(xùn)練方法的實(shí)際應(yīng)用效果，深入闡明女子單打網(wǎng)球比賽前四拍的重要性，進(jìn)而為女子網(wǎng)球運(yùn)動(dòng)員訓(xùn)練提出有效的方法及建議。

關(guān)鍵詞：網(wǎng)球比賽 ；女子單打 ；前四拍 ；訓(xùn)練 ；重要性

The Importance and Application of the First Four Beats in Women's Singles Tennis Competition

CHEN YanCHI Yuan

Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University， Shaanxi Yangling 712100

Abstract： With the advancement of racket technology and the improvement of women's fitness， women's style of play is becoming more and more fast-paced and aggressive， the quality and proportion of the first four shots in women's singles tennis is becoming more and more important and the matches are becoming more attractive to spectators. However， in practice most tennis coaches still use the same training methods as 15-20 years ago， focusing only on consistency， which accounts for 70%-80% of the total training hours， resulting in a disconnect between training and competition. In this paper， we analyse and summarise the first four shots of professional women's singles tennis matches and compare the practical application of traditional and modern training methods with the data of high-level university women's tennis players.

Key Words：Tennis match;Women's singles;The first four beats;Training; Importance

網(wǎng)球比賽通常包括：前四拍：發(fā)球搶攻階段，五到八拍：對(duì)峙階段和九拍以上：多拍相持階段。前四拍通常指從發(fā)球方發(fā)球開(kāi)始第一拍，接發(fā)球第二拍，發(fā)球方第三拍和接發(fā)方第四拍。第一拍的發(fā)球是唯一不受其他干擾因素制約的技術(shù)，也是發(fā)球方建立優(yōu)勢(shì)的重要手段。只有統(tǒng)籌協(xié)調(diào)好技術(shù)、戰(zhàn)術(shù)、心理和體能四個(gè)層面，才能在網(wǎng)球比賽中創(chuàng)造高質(zhì)量發(fā)球，提高前四拍贏球率[1]。李麗[2]對(duì)小威廉姆斯（S. Williams）及其對(duì)手科貝爾（A. Kerber）在2016年溫布爾登網(wǎng)球錦標(biāo)賽中的發(fā)球效果進(jìn)行了研究，在雙方一發(fā)進(jìn)球率基本持平的情況下，小威廉姆斯的一發(fā)贏球率高達(dá)80%，這也是她溫網(wǎng)奪冠的關(guān)鍵因素之一。第二拍是接發(fā)球，這也是網(wǎng)球比賽中重要的一個(gè)環(huán)節(jié)，因?yàn)橹挥衅瓢l(fā)才能有機(jī)會(huì)獲得本場(chǎng)比賽的勝利[3]。……