核心訓(xùn)練對(duì)拳擊運(yùn)動(dòng)員專項(xiàng)身體素質(zhì)的影響研究

摘要：本文通過(guò)實(shí)驗(yàn)干預(yù)法，對(duì)拳擊運(yùn)動(dòng)員進(jìn)行為期12周的定量核心訓(xùn)練，分析定量的核心訓(xùn)練對(duì)拳擊運(yùn)動(dòng)員基礎(chǔ)力量、動(dòng)作速度及防守動(dòng)作反應(yīng)速度的影響，結(jié)果顯示：運(yùn)動(dòng)員在基礎(chǔ)力量、防守動(dòng)作速度及動(dòng)作反應(yīng)速度等測(cè)試結(jié)果，訓(xùn)練后較訓(xùn)練前均有提升，主要表現(xiàn)在，部分測(cè)試指標(biāo)測(cè)試前后差異具顯著性（P＜0.01）。建議在此基礎(chǔ)上增加拳擊專項(xiàng)身體素質(zhì)的評(píng)估指標(biāo)內(nèi)容，形成較為完善的評(píng)估手段，進(jìn)一步探討核心訓(xùn)練的內(nèi)容，充分挖掘核心訓(xùn)練對(duì)拳擊項(xiàng)目的各項(xiàng)技術(shù)的分析。

關(guān)鍵詞：核心訓(xùn)練；拳擊運(yùn)動(dòng)員；專項(xiàng)身體素質(zhì)；影響研究

Study on the influence of core training on specific physical fitness in boxers

Abstract： In this paper， through the experimental intervention method， the boxers for 12 weeks of quantitative core training， analyze the quantitative core training on boxers basic strength， movement speed， and the defensive movement reaction speed， the results show that athletes in the basic strength， defensive movement speed and movement reaction speed test results， after training before training， mainly manifested in， part of the test index before and after the difference is significant （P lt;0.01）. It is suggested that on the basis of adding the evaluation index of boxing special physical fitness， form a more perfect evaluation means， further explore the content of the core training， and fully explore the analysis of various boxing techniques of the core training.

Key words： core training; boxing athletes; special physical fitness

前言

隨著神經(jīng)肌肉系統(tǒng)訓(xùn)練、本體感受訓(xùn)練以及運(yùn)動(dòng)鏈理論的提出，核心訓(xùn)練已被應(yīng)用許多競(jìng)技運(yùn)動(dòng)項(xiàng)目的時(shí)間訓(xùn)練中，且訓(xùn)練效果較為明顯[1][2][3]。核心訓(xùn)練包括核心力量訓(xùn)練與核心穩(wěn)定訓(xùn)練，主要是指對(duì)身體的核心區(qū)域部位的肌肉進(jìn)行強(qiáng)化，促使肌肉力量穩(wěn)定、協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展[2]。在競(jìng)技運(yùn)動(dòng)項(xiàng)目中進(jìn)行階段性、規(guī)劃性的核心訓(xùn)練有利于發(fā)展運(yùn)動(dòng)員核心肌群的力量和協(xié)調(diào)性，提升身體素質(zhì)水平，使機(jī)體更好的完成技術(shù)動(dòng)作[4][5][6]。拳擊運(yùn)動(dòng)屬于技能主導(dǎo)的格斗類對(duì)抗性項(xiàng)目，在競(jìng)技場(chǎng)上，以體重級(jí)別為比賽入場(chǎng)券，以技戰(zhàn)術(shù)能力為主導(dǎo)，雙方運(yùn)動(dòng)員在對(duì)抗中以得分獲勝或絕對(duì)優(yōu)勢(shì)獲勝的競(jìng)技特點(diǎn)[7][8]。從技術(shù)特點(diǎn)分析，拳擊的技術(shù)并非單一的動(dòng)作，是核心肌群促成動(dòng)作鏈條的基礎(chǔ)上完成上下肢的各個(gè)環(huán)節(jié)的有效配合，核心訓(xùn)練作為發(fā)展競(jìng)技體育身體素質(zhì)的動(dòng)力源，對(duì)肌群的穩(wěn)定、肌肉的速度、力量與爆發(fā)力具有顯著的作用[9][10]。……