摘要:本文以身體活動和體育運動的視角為出發點,深入探討了運動協調的相關定義,并從外部表現形式和內部發生機制進行分析。通過結合現象學、醫學和力學等學科的研究成果,探析運動協調定義的演進過程。最初,運動協調被描述為身體各部分在時間和順序上的協同。隨后的研究發現運動協調涉及到更多方面,包括神經系統的調控、感覺信息的處理和學習等,使得運動協調成為一個復雜的系統。通過進一步闡述有關運動協調的核心--運動控制的三大理論:協同作用理論(強調身體部分之間的協同調節),最佳反饋控制理論(強調感知反饋和神經控制的重要性),和自組織理論(強調系統的自組織性和適應性)來更全面地理解運動協調的本質和機制。通過對運動協調的研究總結,為進一步促進運動領域的發展和運動技能的訓練提供理論依據。
關鍵詞:運動協調;運動控制;協調機制;自組織
Research on the Evolution of the Definition and Mechanisms of Motor Coordination DENG Libo,WU Hua*,RUAN Hui
(Institute of Physical Education, Hainan Normal University, Haikou, China)
Abstract: This study took a perspective from physical activity and sports to explore the definition of motor coordination and analyzed its external manifestations and internal mechanisms. By integrating research findings from disciplines such as phenomenology, medicine, and mechanics, the authors observed the evolution of the definition of motor coordination. Initially, motor coordination was described as the temporal and sequential coordination of different body parts. Subsequent research revealed that motor coordination involves various aspects, including the regulation of the nervous system, processing of sensory information, and learning, making it a complex system. By further elaborating on three core theories of motor control - the synergy theory (emphasizing the coordination between body parts), the optimal feedback control theory (emphasizing the importance of perceptual feedback and neural control), and the self-organization theory (emphasizing the self-organizing and adaptive nature of the system) - we can comprehensively understand the essence and mechanisms of motor coordination. Summarizing the research on motor coordination can further promote the development of the field of movement and the training of motor skills.
Key words:motor coordination; motor control; coordination mechanisms;self-organization
協調是任何技術動作的組成分子[1], 在鑒評復雜技術動作的準確性、流暢度之中起著主觀的技術鑒定和視覺效果。協調(Coordination)在國外文章中普遍被冠以運動協調(Movement Coordination)或動作協調(Motor Coordination)對其進行更精準的修飾[1-2],以區分非體育類的自然界協調、社會發展協調等,因此,在下文中將以運動協調對其進行統一命名。作為一種復雜的協作過程,運動協調的核心反映了對身體控制的程度[3-5],是學習和掌握運動技術的基礎[6],并會隨著技術動作掌握水平推移而被放大[7]。……