植物營境的傳承創(chuàng)新在風(fēng)景園林本科教學(xué)中的實踐探索

李自若 李曉雪 翁殊斐

摘要：植物營境是風(fēng)景園林專業(yè)人才培養(yǎng)的重要能力板塊之一。隨著全球化、信息化時代的到來，植物營境的傳授、傳播都有了較大拓展，高校教學(xué)也迎來新的挑戰(zhàn)。華南農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)風(fēng)景園林專業(yè)近年的教學(xué)實踐表明，植物營境課程可以成為孕育風(fēng)景園林“承上啟下”新時代人才的媒介，和推動我國植物營境在新的時代傳承傳統(tǒng)智慧與推進(jìn)自然、人文、社會可持續(xù)的途徑。而具體的教育實踐注重教學(xué)方向、內(nèi)容、形式的深化調(diào)整與跨課程協(xié)作，思路包括基于傳統(tǒng)智慧與在地資源進(jìn)行教學(xué)資源重組，和關(guān)注本地社區(qū)居民需求，結(jié)合地方種植行為特點引導(dǎo)植物營境的參與式設(shè)計。整體課程引導(dǎo)學(xué)生重視地域、回歸地方、關(guān)心景觀全生命周期管理，從而實現(xiàn)對于風(fēng)景園林人才綜合素養(yǎng)的培育。

關(guān)鍵詞：植物營境；風(fēng)景園林教育；華南農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)

中圖分類號：TU986

文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)志碼：A

文章編號：1671-2641（2023）01-0084-05

收稿日期：2022-12-08

修回日期：2023-01-09

Abstract： Design with plants is one of the important ability sections in the teaching of Landscape Architecture. With the globalization and information age， the teaching of plant landscaping has been greatly developed， which also brings new challenges to teaching in colleges. By reviewing the teaching practice of Landscape Architecture major in South China Agricultural University， it can be further understood the plant landscaping could be a medium for breeding talents in the new era of “connecting the past and the future”， which could help inherit the traditional wisdom and promote the sustainable development of nature， humanity and society. Collaboration across the curriculum， reorganization of teaching resources based on traditional wisdom and local resources， learning the participatory plant landscaping based on local community residents and planting behavior， are specific measures， which could improve students' professional competence. The overall course guides students to attach importance to local climate change， plants observation， whole life cycle management and public participation， so as to realize the cultivation of comprehensive ability of landscape architecture talents.

Key words： Plant landscaping; Education of Landscape Architecture; South China Agriculture University

1 新時代植物營境人才培養(yǎng)面臨的挑戰(zhàn)

1.1 ?植物營境的傳承創(chuàng)新

植物營境是人類結(jié)合植物進(jìn)行環(huán)境利用、改造的過程。其一方面伴隨著人類對自然的認(rèn)知、園藝技術(shù)、文化生活的交融，不斷發(fā)展；另一方面作為人為創(chuàng)造的具有植物的環(huán)境，不斷影響人與人、人與自然的互動關(guān)系及互動方式等。其屬于風(fēng)景園林學(xué)科人才能力培養(yǎng)的重要板塊之一[1～2]。

從孫筱祥先生“三境論”和王紹增先生關(guān)于“境”的詮釋[3～4]中可以了解到，植物營境可以從生境、畫境、意境來討論，境的存在以及境的營造，主體與客體之間的互動是非常關(guān)鍵的。……