邸高曼 王秀榮



摘要:苔蘚植物具有較高的觀賞價(jià)值,但目前在園林中的應(yīng)用較少。唐詩中的苔蘚植物景觀意境和配置方式對現(xiàn)代園林中苔蘚植物景觀的營建具有重要的參考價(jià)值。通過對與苔蘚植物有關(guān)的400首唐詩進(jìn)行分析歸納,總結(jié)出包括積極、中性、消極的3種苔蘚植物景觀意境類型,并分析情境感受對意境產(chǎn)生的影響,然后對苔蘚植物與建筑、其他植物、山石等6種景觀配置及其與意境的關(guān)系進(jìn)行分析。結(jié)果表明,情境感受和景觀元素意象的組合有利于苔蘚植物景觀意境的生成和感知;苔蘚植物和具有不同物性特點(diǎn)及隱喻特點(diǎn)的景觀元素配置可以營造不同的景觀意境氛圍。
關(guān)鍵詞:苔蘚植物;植物造景;唐詩;景觀意境;配置方式
中圖分類號:TU986
文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)志碼:A
文章編號:1671-2641(2023)01-0022-04
收稿日期:2022-02-27
修回日期:2022-06-20
Abstract: Bryophyte has high ornamental value, but it is rarely used in gardens. The artistic conception and configuration of bryophyte landscape in poem of the Tang Dynasty have important reference value for the construction of bryophyte landscape in modern gardens. Through the analysis and induction of 400 poems related to bryophyte, this paper summarizes three types of bryophyte landscape artistic conception, including positive, neutral and negative, analyzes the influence of situational feeling on the artistic conception, and then analyzes the relationship between bryophyte and six landscape configurations such as architecture, plants, mountains and stones and their artistic conception. The results show that the combination of situational feeling and landscape element image is conducive to the generation and perception of bryophyte landscape artistic conception, and the configuration of bryophyte and landscape elements with different physical and metaphorical characteristics can create different landscape artistic atmosphere.
Key words: Bryophyte; Plant landscaping; Poem of the Tang Dynasty; Landscape artistic conception; Configuration mode
中國古典園林在整個(gè)園林史上留有濃墨重彩的一筆,但觀之中國園林現(xiàn)狀,卻沒有將其長處完全繼承發(fā)揚(yáng)。園林意境是中國古典園林的靈魂,是中國古典造園藝術(shù)追求的最高境界[1]。目前中國園林景觀比較缺乏意境的含蘊(yùn)及文化內(nèi)涵,因此對于園林景觀意境營造的研究亟需深入。植物是園林景觀的組成要素,研究植物景觀的意境和造景方式有利于園林景觀意境的體現(xiàn)。
苔蘚植物外形嬌小可愛,顏色青翠欲滴,生長姿態(tài)各異[2],具有較高的觀賞價(jià)值,因此常出現(xiàn)在文人騷客的吟詠中,被賦予深厚的文化內(nèi)涵,生成了豐富的“苔意象”。而且苔蘚植物能夠附著在石頭、樹干等表面生長,形成獨(dú)特的景觀?!?br>