李曉雪 武宇凡 胡瀅



摘要:廣州是國內較早使用工程手法,運用人工材料塑造假山的地區。廣州塑石假山從早期以塑山法為雛形,發展至以水泥砂漿為塑面,磚石鋼筋為骨架的塑石假山,以及GRC組裝型假山。這類新型塑石假山與傳統天然山石假山相比,具有材料易獲取、可塑性強、承重輕、造價較低、建造效率高等特點。結合案例介紹了3種塑石假山的工藝特點:塑山法以砂漿和灰漿彌補形之不足,水泥砂漿塑面假山結構靈活且受環境約束小,GRC組裝型假山具有很強的可塑性,能滿足多種特殊形態的表現需求。
關鍵詞:塑石假山;廣州;發展;特征
中圖分類號:TU986
文獻標志碼:A
文章編號:1671-2641(2023)01-0002-05
收稿日期:2022-12-06
Abstract: Guangzhou is one of the earliest area in China where artificial materials were used to make rockeries. From the early periods, making rockery with rubbles ?were regarded as the prototype of artificial hills. And then, artificial hills are made with cement mortar shaped surface and masonry steel skeleton, as well as glass fiber reinforced cement(GRC) assembly. Compared with the traditional rockery with natural stones, these new-kind of artificial hills have the characteristics of easy access to materials, strong plasticity, light weight, low cost and high construction efficiency. In this paper, technological characteristics of three kinds of artificial hills are introduced with cases. The artificial hills are made with cement mortar shaped surface to make up for the lack of shape. The cement mortar plastic surface rockery is flexible in structure and less constrained by the environment, and the GRC assembly rockery has strong shaping ability and can meet a variety of special form performance needs.
Key words:Artificial hill; Guangzhou; Development; Characteristics
塑石假山,指用工程手法將人工材料塑造成假山(石)[1]。其常以自然山巖為藍本,在中國傳統假山審美與技藝基礎上,采用磚石或鋼筋水泥搭建骨架,運用水泥塑面或用玻璃纖維強化水泥(Glass Fiber Reinforced Cement,GRC)的零件單元模具化等新技術,人工塑造假山或石塊[2]。塑石假山作為一種新型工藝類型,與傳統天然石材假山相比,具有材料易獲取、可塑性強、承重輕、造價較低、建造效率高等特點,在現代園林景觀營造中廣泛應用,較早在廣東、福建一帶運用。廣州作為較早運用塑石假山工藝的地區,有著大量優秀的實踐案例,充分展現新材料、新工藝假山的特點。
1 廣州塑石假山緣起與發展
廣州塑石假山技藝發展在近現代主要經歷了3個時期,伴隨新材料技術的發展衍生出不同的塑石假山類型。……