廣東連南板洞省級自然保護區鳥類多樣性初步調查

吳書德?唐剛?佟富春

摘要：鳥類多樣性研究是自然保護區的重要工作之一。2021年1—12月，采用樣線法和樣點法，調查了廣東連南板洞省級自然保護區鳥類多樣，共記錄到鳥類15目54科211種。其中國家Ⅰ級和Ⅱ級重點保護鳥類分別為2種和34種;區系以東洋界為主，有129種（61.72%），古北界44種（21.05%）。居留型以留鳥為主，有136種（65.07%），冬候鳥40種（19.14%）。優勢種為栗頸鳳鹛Staphida torqueola和淡眉雀鹛Alcippe hueti;常見種和少見種分別為27種和59種。Shannon-wiener多樣性指數、Marglef豐富度指數、Pielou均勻度指數和Simpson指數計算結果均為板洞保護站最高。該保護區是每年大批鷺鳥等候鳥遷徙的必經路線，建議加大監測力度，掌握候鳥變化動態等。

關鍵詞：鳥類;多樣性;保護;廣東板洞省級自然保護區

中圖分類號：S718

文獻標志碼：A

文章編號：1671-2641（2022）03-0013-04

收稿日期：2022-03-05

修回日期：2022-05-05

Abstract： Bird diversity research is an important work in nature reserves. From January 2021 to December 2021， the bird diversity in Bandong Provincial Nature Reserve， Liannan County， Guangdong Province， was investigated by using the method of transect and sampling point. The results showed that a total of 211 species were recorded， belonging to 15 orders， 54 family. Among these， 2 species were listed in the first category and 34 species in the second category of the Lists of Wildlife under Special State Protection in China. The fauna was dominated by the oriental bird， with 129 species， and 44 species were palaearctic bird. The resident bird had the advantage， with 136 species and 40 species were winter bird. The dominant species were Staphida torqueola and Alcippe hueti， with 27 common and 59 rare species， respectively. The calculation results of Shannon Wiener diversity index， Marglef richness index， Pielou evenness index and Simpson index in reserve are the highest in Bandong Protection Station. The reserve is a necessary route for the migration of a large number of herons and other migratory birds every year， and it is suggested to strengthen monitoring and timely grasp the change dynamics of migratory birds.

Key words：Birds; Diversity; Conservation; Bandong Provincial Nature Reserve

自然保護區作為生物多樣性就地保護的重要形式，既能體現人與自然的和諧相處，更是建設生態文明建設的重要載體和示范基地[1]。生物多樣性是人類賴以生存和持續發展的物質基礎，生物多樣性調查既可以反映保護對象的變化情況，又是評估保護成效的有效途徑，為進一步制定生物多樣性保護相關行動計劃和管理措施提供重要依據[2]。通過鳥類多樣性調查掌握特定區域內鳥類的種類、數量和分布等基本信息，堅持長期監測，了解鳥類在時空上的動態變化，對于珍稀瀕危和遷徙鳥類保護都具有重要意義[3]。

廣東連南板洞省級自然保護區（以下簡稱“板洞保護區”）以亞熱帶常綠闊葉林及珍稀動植物資源為主要保護對象，野生動物資源豐富，具有很高的保護價值[4]。……