華中櫻桃種子生物學特性研究初探

葉小玲?胡曉敏?朱軍

摘要：為探究華中櫻桃Cerasus conradinae種子生物學特性，以湖北省赤壁市的野生華中櫻桃的自然成熟未落地的果實為試驗材料，觀察其種子形態，并測定種子長度、寬度、厚度、千粒重、吸水特性和發芽特性。結果表明：華中櫻桃種子為卵形，長7.64±0.73mm，寬5.28±0.55mm，厚4.39±0.47mm，千粒重62.77±2.91g，屬中粒種子;種子浸種0～4 h吸水較快，后漸趨緩，浸種24 h近飽和，吸水率為33.23%，種子飽和狀態時吸水率為33.30%;用750 mg/L 赤霉素（GA3）溶液浸種處理的種子發芽效果較清水浸種好，但差異不明顯，兩者發芽率分別為65.3%和62.7%;華中櫻桃幼苗個體間差異大。

關鍵詞：華中櫻桃;種子形態;發芽率

中圖分類號：S685.99

文獻標志碼：A

文章編號：1671-2641（2022）03-0077-04

投稿日期：2021-10-12

修回日期：2021-11-11

Abstract：In order to explore the biological characteristics of C. conradinae seeds， the natural mature unfallen fruit from wild Cerasus conradinae trees in Chibi City， Hubei Province were used as materials， and the morphology length， width， thickness， weight of 1000 seeds， water absorption characteristics and germination characteristics were observed. The results showed that the seeds were ovoid， with average length of 7.64±0.73 mm， average width of 5.28±0.55 mm， average thickness of 4.39±0.47 mm， and the average weight of 1000 seeds was 62.77±2.91 g. The water absorption of seeds was fast in 0～4 h after soaking， and then gradually slowed down. It reached the critical saturation state after soaking seeds for 24 hours， with 33.23% water absorption. Water absorption of seeds in saturated state was 33.30%. The germination effect of seed soaking with 750 mg/L GA3 was better than that soaking with water， but the differences was not obvious， the germination rates were 65.3% and 62.7% respectively. The differences between seedlings was large.

Key words： Cerasus conradinae; Seed morphology; Germination rate

華中櫻桃Cerasus conradinae又名華中櫻、單齒櫻花、康拉櫻、光葉櫻桃，為薔薇科櫻屬落葉喬木。其樹高3～10 m，樹姿挺拔;花繁密，傘形花序，3～5朵一束，先葉開放，花瓣白色或粉紅色;花期3月，果期4—5月。其主要分布于陜西、河南、湖南、湖北、四川、貴州、云南、廣西等地區海拔500～2 100 m溝邊林中[1～2]。其喜疏松肥沃、排水良好的弱酸性壤土，較耐旱、耐高溫[3]。華中櫻桃較東京櫻花C. yedoensis、關山櫻C. serrulata ‘Kanzan’等常見日本櫻花具有更強的適應性和抗病蟲害能力，適作園景樹、行道樹或景觀生態樹使用，可孤植、叢植、列植或片植，營造景觀或季相變換，花時層林盡染、景色宜人，觀賞效果極佳[4～5]，是優良觀賞樹種。此外，華中櫻桃從南到北分布廣泛，花色等性狀變異分化較大[6]，是良好的育種材料，也是中部地區櫻花嫁接的優良砧木[7]，開發前景廣闊。

目前，華中櫻桃多處于野生狀態，鮮有開發，相關研究報道少。……