孫大東 吳怡嬌
摘 要:文章以新《檔案法》第二條為例,在比較分析法理檔案定義和學理檔案定義的基礎上,認為現行的法理檔案定義體現了新《檔案法》對國家治理理念和內容變化的遵循,其與學理檔案定義均采用了以真實定義為主、發生定義和功用定義為輔的定義方法,且均屬于抽象揭示型定義。二者分屬于實踐和理論兩個層面,前者的地位和功能也決定了應使用直觀描述的模式,采用發生定義的方式去界定法理檔案定義。
關鍵詞:法理檔案定義;學理檔案定義;新《檔案法》
分類號:G270
Actuality and Oughtness of Legal Archives Definition——Taking Article 2 of the New Archives Law as an Example
Sun Dadong, Wu Yijiao( School of Information Management of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001 )
Abstract: On the basis of a comparative analysis of legal archives definition and academic archives definition, this paper takes Article 2 of the new Archives Law as an example, argues that current legal archives definition reflects the fact that the new Archives Law follows the concept of national governance and its content changes. Both legal archives definition and academic archives definition are abstract revealing definitions that adopt the definition method which based on real definition and supplemented by genetic definition and functional definition, belonging to practical and theoretical levels. The status and the function of the legal archives definition dictate that it should be defined by using genetic definition in the mode of intuitive description.
Keywords: Legal Archives Definition; Academic Archives Definition; New Archives Law
1 引 言
檔案術語不僅是檔案工作開展的依據,還是檔案學科成熟與否的標志。隨著參與國家治理深度和廣度的持續擴展,檔案學科融入國際交流、學科交叉的程度在大幅提升。與之相關的新概念大量涌現,由此伴生的術語移植和套用現象越來越多,帶來了檔案術語的混亂、誤用、濫用等問題。同時,檔案行業術語和學科術語的分野也是不容忽視的事實,二者如何在碰撞中實現對話與轉化,如何消解分歧與對立,如何進行補充和修正,值得認真思考。
在檔案術語體系中,檔案一詞具有舉足輕重的地位,因為對其概念的界定不僅關系到人們對檔案管理和研究對象的認知和認同,更會對檔案學科理論體系的建構產生重大影響。[1]正因如此,我國學者對檔案定義以及相關的本質屬性、屬概念等問題業已展開了持續深入的研究和激烈的學術爭論。……