浙江活力充盈的民間文化Flourishing Folk Culture in Zhejiang

陳野 譯注/王之光 孫娟

民間社會的文化創造和歷史傳承，體現了沉淀1在民眾日常生活中的文化心理和行為規范，是浙江文化在新時代創新發展的根基和源泉。浙江的民間文化活動興旺，老百姓的參與意識高漲。目前，全省有業余文藝團體近3萬家，業余文藝骨干50余萬名，極大地2活躍了社會文化氛圍。

Folk heritage and related cultural creation， which reflect peoples cultural instincts and underlie their daily lives， are at the root of cultural development in Zhejiang in the new era. Folk cultural activities abound with wide public participation. Zhejiang currently boasts nearly 30，000 art groups and over half a million amateur artists. They contribute in no small measure to enlivening peoples cultural life.

浙江是民間藝術大省，鄉間村里生活著眾多民間藝術家，民藝精品層出不窮3，是“活”在生活中的藝術。溫州瑞安的東源木活字印刷術，自元朝初年至今已傳承14代，完整再現中國古代活字印刷的傳統工藝，堪稱遠古印刷術的活化石4。今天，瑞安人仍用此印制家譜，祖傳的150字口訣，一直流傳于當地藝人之間。蒼南倪處村章氏一族，七代傳承米塑藝術。他們帶動180余名村人學習制作米塑，申報了省級非物質文化遺產。

Folk art is a big thing in Zhejiang province， home to an impressive array of folk artists. Especially in rural areas， many types of folk art， rooted in life experiences， are flourishing. Dongyuan wooden movable type printing， for example， is alive and well in Ruian， Wenzhou， having been passed down for 14 generations since the Yuan dynasty. It showcases an ancient tradition and crafting perfection that have defied the march of time. Today people in Ruian still print their family-tree books in this way， following what is known as the 150-word printing tips that have been around for ages among local artisans. Another interesting art form that merits special mention is what the Zhang clan in Nichu village of Cangnan county has inherited and perfected for seven generations. It is about creating all kinds of artifacts with rice flour， and this art tradition has been added to the provincial intangible cultural heritage list. Now 180-odd fellow villagers have joined the Zhang family in making rice-flour-based art objects.

浙江民間編修家譜的傳統深厚，素有“三十年一小修，六十年一大修”之俗。這種傳統逢遇社會穩定、生活水平提高、文化意識萌發的環境，形成了重修家譜的高漲熱情。原本修譜觀念淡薄的杭嘉湖地區，也受此熱潮5影響，修譜之風漸盛。新修家譜活動體現了中國人根深蒂固的家族觀念、鄉里情誼、桑梓之情，就其積極因素而言，具有和親睦眾、愛鄉愛國、穩定社會、和諧共進的作用。

Traditionally， people in Zhejiang update their genealogy registers every 30 years， which undergo a major overhaul every 60 years. Social stability， higher living standards and increased cultural awareness help sustain a growing enthusiasm for keeping family histories. This genealogical fervor sweeping across other areas of Zhejiang rekindles interest in tracing their ancestors among people in the Hangzhou-Jiaxing-Huzhou plain， an area that saw such practice fading not long ago. It reflects the Chinese peoples deep-rooted sense of family and love for their homeland， a sentiment that contributes to community building， stronger neighborly ties， patriotic solidarity and social stability and harmony.

20世紀90年代初，浙江出現民辦博物館，是全國民辦博物館出現早、數量多、影響大的省份。寧波鄞州區是民辦博物館發展迅速的地區，被命名為“中國博物館文化之鄉”，已建和在建的30座博物館中，除8家是國字號6外，其余都是民間創辦的私人博物館，有車、船、橋梁、服裝、眼鏡、文房、徽章、珠算、郵電、證券、錢幣、中草藥、奇石、鎖具、鐘表、相機、剪刀、陶瓷、織錦、書畫、剪紙、根雕、微雕、壺具等各種專題館設，在我國博物館史上創下空前紀錄。

Private museums emerged in Zhejiang in the early 1990s. They were among the first nationwide. Compared with other provinces， they are also more numerous， and have bigger impact. Yinzhou District in Ningbo， home to a flourishing private museum scene， is now known as the “Museum District” with 30 museums already open to the public or being built. Eight of these are state-owned， and the rest privately funded. They feature collections of vehicles， boats， bridges， garment， eye-glasses， stationery， badges， abacuses， telecommunications equipment， securities， coins， Chinese medicinal herbs， strange stones， locks， clocks and watches， cameras， scissors， ceramics， brocade， paintings， paper cutting， root carving， miniature engraving and pots， among others， something not seen before in Chinas history of museums.

綜上所述，浙江近年來的文化發展，根基深厚、活力充沛、內容豐富、特色鮮明、佳作紛呈，有力地促進了浙江經濟社會的發展，也展現出了文化繁榮的時代風貌。

In summary， the recent trends in cultural development in Zhejiang have deep roots. They are gaining momentum， with the rollout of a rich array of quality art products with distinctive characteristics. These trappings of cultural prosperity have also been a boon for economic and social development.