觀景之路——因斯布魯克諾德凱特山脈峽谷的全景小徑

斯諾赫塔建筑事務所

由斯諾赫塔建筑事務所（Sn?hetta）為諾德凱特纜車線路設計的觀景之路（The Path of Perspectives or “Perspektivenweg”）沿著阿爾卑斯山的全景小徑設置了10個建筑元素，充分展現了因斯布魯克諾德凱特山脈的壯麗景色。

諾德凱特（Nordkette）位于奧地利蒂羅爾州因斯布魯克市以北，坐落在北萊姆斯通阿爾卑斯山脈最大的支脈卡爾文德爾山脈的最南端。亨格堡（Hungerburg）和諾德凱特的纜車將游客直接從市中心帶到海拔1 905 m的西格魯布（Seegrube）纜車站，在這里，觀景之路在壯麗的阿爾卑斯山中展開。綿延2.8 km的觀景小徑及其獨特的景觀元素引導著游客在漫步過程中逐漸爬升142 m的高度。

1 步道平面圖及10處構筑物位置標注Site plan showing the location of the ten architectural elements

2 鳥瞰Aerial view

3～4 懸挑的觀景臺似從地形中生長而來The viewing platform seems to grow out of the terrain

9 戶外劇場Forming an amphitheatre

10 奧地利哲學家路德維希·維特根斯坦的名言被雕刻在耐候鋼結構上Quotes from Austrian philosopher Ludwig Wittgenstein are inscribed on the new features

小徑沿途的各種裝置和周圍的壯麗景色融為一體，讓游客可以從不同視角體驗阿爾卑斯山的迷人風景。從長凳到觀景臺每個元素都成為小徑上獨特的觀景點，或者作為人們聚集之處。這些微小的干預措施向游人充分展示了阿爾卑斯山的壯美景觀，增加了戲劇性的高山觀景體驗，而不僅是創造一種額外的引人注目的結構。

觀景平臺以優雅的形態從地形的邊緣探出來，強調了地形的變化，看似是從地形中生長出來的。站在觀景平臺上，茵山谷（Inn Valley）的景色一覽無余，同時腳下的金屬格柵給人一種漂浮在地形之上的感覺。在喬木林和灌木松林地的交接地帶，臺階式的構筑物強調了這一自然景觀。登山者可以斜靠在平臺上休息并欣賞蘭格薩特爾（Langer Sattel）和弗勞伊特（Frau Hitt）山峰險峻的景色。木制平臺環繞著有“巨石”（“Big Stone”）之稱的區域隨著緩緩抬升的地形層層分布，成為游客們喜愛的休息場所。在海拔稍微高一點的地方設置的階梯式木制平臺帶給游客劇場般的感受。

受到周圍環境和之前既有結構的啟發，有10個構筑物都是由耐候鋼制成，觀景之路也使用了諾德凱特山谷現有的防雪崩技術，并且選用了同樣的耐候鋼材料。座椅和倚靠式平臺是由當地特有的落葉松木制成的。新的構筑物上雕刻著奧地利哲學家路德維格·維特根斯坦（Ludwig Wittgenstein）的名言：“我每次觀看時真的看到不同的東西嗎，還是我只是以不同的方式解釋我所看到的同樣的東西？我傾向于前者，但為什么？解釋是思考的一種形式，是一種活動，而觀察是一種思維狀態?！边@些話語使游客停下來，在欣賞外部風景的同時，對自己的內在進行反思。從而使觀景之路有了雙重的意義。“不要讓自己被別人所引導，要遵循天性?！?/p>

注釋：

斯諾赫塔建筑事務所設計的觀景之路與諾德凱特的其他建筑亮點融為一體，例如Zaha Hadid設計的亨格堡纜車站，該纜車站自2007年起便將城市與亨格堡山脈連接起來，以及由著名的蒂羅爾州建筑師Franz Baumann設計的諾德凱特車站。

(編輯/王一蘭)

位置：奧地利因斯布魯克諾德凱特山西格魯布

建筑設計：斯諾赫塔建筑事務所

委托方：諾德凱特纜車

合作者：艾倫雅尼克教授、學者維特根斯坦

結構工程師：因斯布魯克的Tragwerkspartner ZT GmbH

承包人：富爾普梅斯的Schlosserer Mayr（金屬結構），Pfurtscheller Bau（結構）

施工時間：2017—2018年

圖片來源： 圖1 ? 斯諾赫塔建筑事務所；圖2 ?因斯布魯克諾德凱特/奎林·穆勒；圖3～10 ?克里斯蒂安·弗拉舍爾

翻譯：徐瑋蓬

校對：王晞月

The Path of Perspectives or “Perspektivenweg”,designed by Sn?hetta for the Nordkettenbahn cable railway, introduces a series of ten architectural elements along the panorama trail in the alpine landscape that highlight the unique features of Innsbruck’s spectacular Nordkette mountain range.

The Nordkette is the southernmost mountain chain in the Karwendel, the largest mountain range of the Northern Limestone Alps located just north of the Tyrolean city of Innsbruck. The Hungerburg and Nordkette funiculars bring visitors directly from the city center to the Seegrube cable car station at 1,905 meters above sea level, where the Path of Perspectives unfurls in breathtaking alpine surroundings. Here, the 2.8-kilometer meandering panorama trail and its individual elements entice visitors to take a stroll up its 142-meter elevational change.

Along the path, the subtle architectural interventions blend seamlessly into this spectacular landscape, offering visitors an opportunity to experience the staggering vistas of the alpine landscape from different perspectives. Every element, from the benches to the viewing platform,marks a unique point along the trail or serves as a meeting point. Using small design gestures, the interventions highlight striking elements of the Alpine landscape, adding to the experience of the dramatic mountain scenery rather than creating one eye-catching structure.

The viewing platform, which seems to grow out of the terrain, elegantly projects over the edge of the landscape and emphasizes the topographical changes. Standing on the platform, visitors can enjoy uninterrupted views of the Inn Valley below,while the metal grate underfoot gives a sense of floating above the terrain. At the transition from the timberline to scrub mountain pine vegetation, a staircase structure marks this natural phenomenon.A counter allows hikers a chance to lean and admire their first impression of the striking Langer Sattel and Frau Hitt peaks. The wooden platforms surrounding the gentle elevation of the so-called“Big Stone” on various levels make it a popular resting spot. At a slightly higher elevation, stepped wooden platforms form an amphitheater.

Each of the ten elements are shaped from Corten steel, a material choice that was inspired by the context and prior interventions.“Perspektivenweg” adapts the existing technical structures of Nordkette’s avalanche barriers, which are made of the same weathered steel. Larch wood, typical for the local forests, forms its seating and reclining platforms. Quotes from Austrian philosopher Ludwig Wittgenstein are inscribed on the new architectural features, e.g. “Do I really see something different every time I look, or do I only interpret what I see in differing ways? I am inclined to say the first. But why? Interpreting is a form of thinking, an activity; seeing is a state of mind.“ The different citations invite visitors to take a moment and reflect, both inwardly and out over the landscape, giving a dual meaning to the path of perspectives. “Don’t let yourself be led by the example of other people, but by nature!”

Location:Seegrube, Nordkette Innsbruck, Austria

Architecture:Sn?hetta

Client:Nordkettenbahnen Betriebs GmbH

Collaborator:Prof. Allan Janik, Wittgenstein scholar

Structural Engineer:Tragwerkspartner ZT GmbH, Innsbruck

Contractors:Schlosserer Mayr, Fulpmes (metal construction),Pfurtscheller Bau (construction)

Realization:2017 — 2018

Photos Credit:Fig. 1 ? Sn?hetta; Fig. 2 ?Innsbrucker Nordkettenbahnen / Quirin Müller; Fig. 3-10 ?Christian Flatscher

Translator:XU Weipeng

Proofreader:WANG Xiyue

Notes:

Sn?hetta’s Path of Perspectives joins other Nordkette architectural highlights such as the Zaha Hadid-designed Hungerburg funicular, which has connected the city with the Hungerburg since 2007, and stations of the Nordkettenbahn, designed by renowned Tyrolean architect Franz Baumann.

(Editor / WANG Yilan)