趙田力 郭龍潭 劉龍



摘 要:目的:通過對高校教練員工作疏離感分析,探究“體教結合”的體育競技人才培養模式下教練員的職業心理和組織管理問題。方法:選取112所高校437名教練員為研究對象,通過文獻研究、量表和問卷調查、數理統計分析高校教練員工作疏離感特征,以及體育教學活動的影響。結果表明:教練員的工作疏離感處于中等水平,其中自我疏離感的工作無意義和工作環境疏離感的領導職能表現較高;回歸分析體育教練員工作疏離感在人口學變量上存在差異;體育教練員工作特征對工作疏離感有顯著影響;體育教練員工作壓力對工作疏離感有顯著影響;工作疏離感來源于組織管理的內部。建議:降低工作疏離感需要在管理方式和領導行為上進行改革;提倡競爭和考核,優化教練員聘任制度和職稱改革,以適度的壓力來激發教練員的工作熱情。
關鍵詞:工作疏離感;高校教練員;工作績效;產生機理;組織管理
中圖分類號:G808.191 ?文獻標識碼:A ?文章編號:1009-9840(2020)05-0048-04
Abstract:Objective: To explore the professional psychology and organization management of coaches in colleges and universities under the training mode of "combination of sports and education" by analyzing their sense of alienation at work. Methods: This paper selected 437 coaches from 112 universities as the research objects, and analyzed the alienation characteristics of the coaches as well as the influence of physical education activities through literature research, scale and questionnaire survey, and mathematical statistics. The results show that the coach's sense of alienation at work is at a medium level, among which the self-alienation that work is meaningless and that environment alienation of leadership function are prominent. Regression analysis shows that there are differences in demographic variables. The work characteristics have significant influence on the sense of alienation, and so does the work pressure. The alienation comes within the organization's management. Suggestions: To reduce the sense of alienation at work, reform should be carried out in management style and leadership behavior; Competition and assessment should be advocated, the coach employment system and professional title reform should be optimized, and appropriate pressure should be exerted to stimulate the coach's work enthusiasm.
Key words:work alienation; university coaches; job performance; mechanism of production; organization and management
1 研究背景
早在2002年,中共中央8號文件提出“青少年體育要以學校為重點”,貫徹科教興體的方針,到2010年形成體教結合共同培養高水平體育后備人才建設體系,學校建成若干世界先進水平的訓練、科研、教育一體化訓練基地。但是歷經十多年的發展,由于受到大學管理行政化、學術職業化、教練員聘用制度改革三股力量的沖擊,高校教練員在心理上產生巨大壓力,執教成就感受阻,加之外在輿論的壓力,感受不到工作帶來的樂趣和價值,產生對工作的冷漠、厭倦,直至疏遠。……