蔡成法 張翔 張太來



摘 要:目的:通過劃艇專項運動能力評估體系,對中國劃艇靜水隊運動員運動能力進行評估,為指導運動員科學訓練,提高運動員競技水平提供依據。方法:選取中國女子劃艇靜水隊7名運動員為研究對象,通過專項運動能力評估體系,采集運動員輸出功率值、最大攝氧量、血乳酸值、肺通氣量等指標,并結合比賽成績,對運動員的運動能力進行評估。結果:1)與第一次測試相比,女子劃艇運動員第二次測試速度測試指標變化為:10 s、30 s、第25 s~30 s、2 min全力劃平均功率值有所降低但無顯著性差異(P>0.05);最大攝氧量提高了0.74%(P>0.05);血乳酸值顯著降低33.85%(P<0.05);每分鐘通氣量(VE)顯著提高42.39%(P<0.001)。2)與第一次測試相比,女子劃艇運動員第二次測試耐力測試指標變化為:60s平均功率提高2.64%(P>0.05),最大攝氧量顯著提高5.47%(P<0.05),血乳酸值顯著降低33.01%(P<0.001),每分鐘通氣量(VE)顯著提高13.91%(P<0.01)。3)女子劃艇運動員比賽成績變化為:200 m、500 m項目比賽成績均有所提高,2018年皮劃艇世界杯期間5名運動員斬獲2金、3銀、1銅,雅加達亞運會其中2名運動員取得2枚金牌。結論:通過兩次專項運動能力評估與反饋,尋找出專項運動能力中的短板,提出訓練建議,調整訓練計劃,階段性實施后,國家隊女子劃艇運動員的最大攝氧量、劃槳功率、高功率維持能力、耐力水平均有一定程度的提高。研究所采用的運動能力評估方案可用于劃艇運動項目的專項能力評估中,能為國家女子劃艇隊備戰2020年東京奧運會提供科技支撐。
關鍵詞:女子劃艇;專項運動能力;評估;最大攝氧量;比賽成績
中圖分類號:G804.6 ?文獻標識碼:A ?文章編號:1009-9840(2020)05-0023-05
Abstract:Objective: Through the special athletic ability assessment system for canoe, the athlete specific physical performance can be assessed in order to guide the athletes in scientific training and improve the athletes' competitive level. Methods: 7 athletes from the Chinese women's rowing stills were selected as the research objects. Through the special sports ability evaluation system, the athletes' output power value, maximum oxygen uptake, blood lactate value, lung ventilation and other indicators were collected, and combined with the results of the competition, the athletes motor ability is assessed. Results: 1) Compared with the first test, the second test of the rowing athletes speed test indicators changed: 10 s, 30 s, 25 s - 30 s, 2 min, the average power value of the full force was reduced but not significant sexual difference (P>0.05); maximal oxygen uptake increased by 0.74% (P>0.05); blood lactate value decreased significantly by 33.85% (P<0.05); minute ventilation (VE) increased significantly by 42.39% (P<0.001) ). 2) Compared with the first test (Beihai), the second test (Ezhou) endurance test index of female rowers was changed: the average power of 60 s increased by 2.64% (P>0.05), and the maximum oxygen uptake increased by 5.47% (P<0.05), blood lactate value decreased significantly by 33.01% (P<0.001), and ventilation per minute (VE) increased significantly by 13.91% (P<0.01). 3) The results of the women's rowing athletes' performance changed: the results of the 200 m and 500 m project competitions were improved. During the 2018 World Cup during the Kayak World Cup, 5 athletes won 2 golds, 3 silvers and 1 bronze. 2 athletes from the Asian Games in Jakarta won 2 gold medals. Conclusion: Through two special sports ability assessments and feedbacks, find out the short board in the special sports ability, put forward the training suggestions, adjust the training plan, the maximum oxygen uptake, rowing power, high power maintenance ability and endurance level of the women rowers of the national team have been improved to some extent after the phased implementation. The sports ability evaluation scheme adopted in this paper can be used in the special ability evaluation of rowing events, and can provide scientific and technological support for the national women's canoe team to prepare for the 2020 Tokyo Olympic Games.
Key words:women canoe; special sports ability; assessment; maximal oxygen uptake; results of competition
2017年,國際劃聯將女子劃艇項目列入2020年東京奧運會。作為新增項目,世界各國開展女子劃艇時間相對較晚,雖然從2012年之后,中國皮劃艇協會就將女子劃艇列入全國比賽,但和世界頂尖水平還有一定差距,對女子劃艇項目訓練監控的實施和研究也相對較晚。由于不同項目之間的訓練特點、訓練方法、項目供能特點等各方面存在不同,女子劃艇項目的訓練監控不能直接照搬其他項目的方法,所以結合女子劃艇項目特點,建立專項運動能力測試評估體系就顯得尤為重要。因此,挖掘優秀潛力運動員,提高女子劃艇運動員的競技水平,提高訓練的科學性與準確性,成為當前需要迫切思考和關注的問題。……p>