趙春霞
初中英語閱讀教學中提出“以讀促寫,以寫促讀”的教學理念要求。閱讀課上只有切實抓好讀寫結合,才能讀寫相長,提高課堂學習效率和學生的綜合語言運用能力。本文以譯林版初中英語教材中的閱讀文本為例,探討實現讀寫結合的課堂活動的設計形式。
一、仿寫——閱讀模仿
仿寫就是通過閱讀后模仿培養寫作技能,這是一種簡單而實用的寫作方式。其實,閱讀的過程也就是模擬寫作的過程。在閱讀課堂中,學生先帶著文本或教師設計的問題去閱讀文本,領悟作者使用的寫作方法和表達技巧,再通過仿寫讓學生內化閱讀文本知識,增強知識遷移的能力。學生在長期的模仿實踐中,不斷建立寫作認知,豐富寫作語言,最終慢慢形成自己的寫作技能。
例如,在完成七年級上冊“Unit4 My day”的教學后,教師讓學生以“My school life”為題寫一篇英語短文介紹自己的校園生活,大部分學生都能馬上動筆,感覺有話可說,并不覺得寫作是件難事了。如:
My names Li Hong.Im a student in Class one,Grade seven.My school life is very interesting.On a school day,we usually have eight classes-four in the morning and four in the afternoon.We have many subjects in school,such as English,Chinese,math,history,art,music and so on.We also have many after-class activities.We often play table tennis,basketball or soccer after school.And our teachers are very friendly to us.In a word,my school life is colorful and I like it very much.
二、縮寫——提煉概括
縮寫就是在中心思想和主要意思不變的情況下,把篇幅較長的文章壓縮提煉成較短的文章的寫作訓練方式。這種寫作方式,不僅可以培養學生用英語進行思考和表達的能力,而且也可以提高學生的英語閱讀和分析概括能力。教學中,教師可立足教材文本,充分挖掘文本中的語言素材,引導學生找出文本中的關鍵詞,并結合所給關鍵詞聯系實際對教材文本內容進行縮寫。
例如,在完成七年級上冊“Unit5 Lets celebrate!”的教學后,教師讓學生用黑板上呈現的關鍵詞(重點短語)簡單介紹萬圣節。雖然是外國節日,可是由于有教材文本的引領,不少學生都能動筆。如:
Halloween is a popular festival in North America.Its on October 31st.On that day,many people make their houses look scary.They may turn off the lights and light candles.They sometimes also put things like spiders and ghosts around the doors and windows.children dress up as ghosts or black cats.They also dress up as fun things, like cartoon characters.Some parents join in the fun by dressing up,too.Parents often take children around the neighborhood to ask for candies and treats.Its a scary but fun festival.
三、改寫——二次創作
改寫是在原文本材料的基礎上進行的再創作,通過改變原文本的體裁、人稱或敘述方法等形式進行的寫作訓練。改寫要結合原文本進行取舍、豐富和補充。改寫不僅能培養學生的閱讀、分析和綜合能力,而且也有助于培養學生的創造能力。教學中,教師可嘗試讓學生改寫不同文體的文本,如將一段對話改成一篇短文或者把一篇短文改成對話或話劇。
例如,在完成七年級上冊“Unit5 Lets celebrate!”的教學后,教師讓學生根據所給的聽力材料寫一篇關于中秋節的小短文,然后讀給大家聽,強化他們目標語言的運用。如:
The Mid-Autumn Festival is one of the most important traditional festivals in China.Chinese people often celebrate it by sharing moon-cakes with families and admiring the full moon at night.Its said that the festival is about the story of Change.Hou Yi,Changes husband,he got some magic medicine because of shooting down the nine suns.He planned to take it with Change.However,a bad man,Pang Meng tried to steal the medicine and Change had to take it all.In the end,she flew up to the moon and left her husband.How Hou Yi wished that Change could come back!
四、續寫——想象構思
續寫是根據所提供的文本的主要內容和基本情節,展開合理、充分的想象并構思適當的情節,寫成一篇完整的文章。讀后續寫是一項很有趣的寫作任務,既能鞏固學生所學的語言知識,鍛煉學生的寫作能力,又能培養他們的創造力和用英語思維的習慣。
例如,在完成八年級下冊“Unit4 A good read”的教學后,教師先和學生一起讀了The Kings New Clothes這個故事,然后讓學生續寫故事結局:“當國王聽到小男孩的喊聲之后會發生什么事呢?”教師讓學生分小組討論完成討論稿,并在巡視過程中給予學生詞匯方面的幫助。如:
After hearing the boys words,his parents were frightened and surprised.They shouted to the boy,“What a stupid boy!”And then they quickly took their son back home.When they got home,they said to their son,“My son,everyone knows the King has no clothes on.But we cant say it out,or the King will be angry and kill us.”
總之,提高學生的讀寫能力是非常必要和重要的,閱讀和寫作既是初中英語教學中的重點又是難點。在具體教學中,教師要充分利用教材中的閱讀文本,對學生進行多種形式的寫作訓練,使讀寫有機結合,切實提高學生的讀寫能力。
(作者單位:江蘇省高郵市湯莊鎮甸垛初中)
(責任編輯 岳舒)