趙海云 李海明 李津 胡建洪



摘要: 管板仰位焊接是一種較高難度的焊接方法,焊接過程中受重力、焊接角度、焊接方法的影響極易出現熔合不良、焊偏、夾渣、氣孔、焊縫余高太高、焊瘤等缺陷,以114 mm×8 mm×150 mm管件與200 mm×200 mm×12 mm板件的焊接為例介紹此類焊接的組對、焊接操作要點及注意事項,結果表明,按照文中的打磨及組對要求、焊接參數可有效的避免這些缺陷的產生,提高焊接質量。
關鍵詞: 管板仰位焊接; 焊條電弧焊; 焊接工藝
中圖分類號: TG 444
Abstract: The pipe plate up position welding is a kind of welding method with high difficulty. In the welding process, due to the influence of gravity, welding angle and welding method, defects such as poor fusion, welding deviation, slag inclusion, air hole, too high residual height of weld joint and weld beading are easy to appear. In this paper,114 mm × 8 mm × 150 mm pipe fittings and 200 mm × 200 mm ×12 mm are used the welding of plate is taken as an example to introduce the assembly, key points of welding operation and precautions. The test results show that according to the requirements of grinding, assembly and welding parameters in the paper, these defects can be effectively avoided and the welding quality can be improved.
Key words: pipe plate overhead welding; electrode arc welding; welding process
0 前言
管板焊接,既不同于板件的橫位焊接,也不同于垂直固定管件的橫位焊接,其焊接的特點在于:管件開坡口,板件不開坡口。管件的坡口根部較薄,容易擊穿,板件較厚,不易擊穿。焊接時管件和板件需要的熱量不平衡,同時吸收焊接熱量和傳遞散發熱量的速度也不一樣,容易出現未熔合、夾渣等缺陷。管板焊接為單坡口焊縫,焊縫窄,且焊縫的上端有板件障礙,限制了焊接時的運條范圍,給焊縫的焊接帶來一定的困難[1-4]。
在很多生產現場的壓力容器的人孔的焊接,法蘭的焊接,由于所處的各種位置的不同,造成了焊工對管件焊口的各種空間位置都要具備有熟練的操作能力。同樣的管口與罐體或者與法蘭的對接焊,因為位置的不同就會產生平角焊,水平焊,仰角焊,其中以仰角焊,難度最大,焊口處于自下而上,焊工需要全程仰頭抬臂,隨著管口直徑不停的移動位置。焊接過程中,熔化的鐵水熔池稍有不慎就會下墜或者產生焊縫夾渣,造成缺陷。……