謝衛平 王歡 陳紀城 劉仁培 魏艷紅
摘要: 文中基于國產模具電弧增材再制造藥芯焊絲(RMD535),對其熔渣含量進行優化,并借助工藝試驗、金相顯微鏡、SEM等測試方法,研制出一種工藝性能和力學性能良好的微渣氣保護藥芯焊絲。結果表明,隨著熔渣含量增加,藥芯焊絲的工藝性能逐漸變好,硬度和韌性逐漸增加,但當熔渣含量超過15%時,模具修復再制造過程中出現大面積的黑渣,不利于微渣的實現;而當熔渣含量為 15%時,藥芯焊絲的工藝性能良好,焊后熔渣自動脫落,基本能滿足電弧增材再制造的要求,該堆焊層組織主要由細小的針狀鐵素體和先共析鐵素體組成,熔敷金屬硬度值和沖擊吸收能量分別為29.1 HRC,31.6 J。在合金含量有限的條件下,熔渣一方面保護焊接過程,另一方面對針狀鐵素體的形成造成影響。
關鍵詞: 微渣氣保護藥芯焊絲; 模具電弧增材再制造; 工藝性能; 針狀鐵素體
中圖分類號: TG 422.3
Abstract: In this paper, based on the domestic mold arc additive remanufacturing fluxcored wire (RMD535), the slag content is optimized, and with the aid of process test, metallographic microscope, SEM and other test methods, a microslag gasprotected fluxcored wire with excellent process and mechanical properties is developed. The results show that with the increase of slag content, the process performance of fluxcored wire is gradually getting better and the hardness and toughness of deposited metal increase. However, when the slag content exceeds 15%, a large area of black slag appears during mold repair and remanufacturing, which is not conducive to the realization of microslag. When the slag content is 15%, the process performance of the fluxcored wire is excellent, and the slag could fall off automatically after welding, which can basically meet the requirements of arc additive remanufacturing. The microstructure is mainly composed of fine acicular ferrite and proeutectoid ferrite.The hardness value and impact absorption energy of deposited metal are 29.1 HRC and 31.6 J respectively. Under the condition of limited alloy content, slag can not only protect the welding process, but also affect the formation of acicular ferrite.
Key words: microslag gasprotected fluxcored wire; mold arc additive remanufacturing; process performance; acicular ferrite
0 前言
藥芯焊絲具有熔敷速度快、成分易調節靈活性高、環境污染小等優點,廣泛運用于航空、航天、軌道交通等模具修復領域中。模具修復用焊絲一般是依靠焊接冶金過程中過渡足夠的合金元素,強化基體組織,達到滿足所需性能的目的,因此保證熔敷金屬中是否有足夠合金元素是成功研制模具修復用藥芯焊絲的關鍵。提高合金元素過渡系數、增大藥芯中合金粉末的添加量、增加填充率是提高熔敷金屬合金元素含量的常用三大方法[1]。由于微渣氣保護藥芯焊絲藥芯中大部分是金屬粉,只有少量渣系成分,且外加保護氣體,減少了渣系中造氣劑,從而極大程度上增加了合金粉末的裝填量和填充率,為調整焊絲成分滿足各種所需性能提供了廣闊的空間?!?br>