我國中小學(xué)數(shù)字教材開發(fā)現(xiàn)狀及發(fā)展建議

王志剛

[摘 要] 中小學(xué)數(shù)字教材在我國出現(xiàn)有近二十年歷史，但目前其定位仍不明確、標(biāo)準(zhǔn)也不統(tǒng)一，相關(guān)政策和管理制度缺失，市場和應(yīng)用均未能形成像紙質(zhì)教材那樣的機制。2020年初突發(fā)的新冠病毒疫情，對教育事業(yè)和出版產(chǎn)業(yè)帶來嚴(yán)重影響，卻凸顯了在線教育的價值，把數(shù)字教材推到了前臺。本文基于“中小學(xué)數(shù)字教材相關(guān)研究”課題的調(diào)研結(jié)果，對我國中小學(xué)數(shù)字教材的開發(fā)現(xiàn)狀進(jìn)行分析討論，并結(jié)合教育現(xiàn)代化推進(jìn)、出版產(chǎn)業(yè)新業(yè)態(tài)打造及教育、出版政策和管理制度等，對中小學(xué)數(shù)字教材未來發(fā)展提出建議。

[關(guān)鍵詞] 中小學(xué)數(shù)字教材 教育數(shù)字出版 教育現(xiàn)代化 新業(yè)態(tài)

[中圖分類號] G237[文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識碼] A[文章編號] 1009-5853 （2020） 05-0022-09

[Abstract] The digital textbooks for primary and secondary schools have appeared in China for nearly 20 years. However， the position of digital textbooks is still unclear， the standards for digital textbooks are not unified， the relevant administrative policies and management on digital textbooks are missing. Also the market and application of digital textbooks for primary and secondary schools have not formed the mechanism as paper textbooks. The outbreak of New Coronavirus in early 2020 has a serious impact on education and publishing. Nevertheless， this highlights the value of online education and pushes digital textbooks to the stage. Based on the results of survey Research on Digital Textbooks for Primary and Secondary Schools， this paper analyzes the current situation of digital textbooks in primary and secondary schools in China. Especially this paper puts forward suggestions on the future development of digital textbooks in combination with require of education modernization， the administrative management of education and publishing， and the new business formats for publishing industry.

[Key words] Digital textbooks for primary and secondary schools Digital educational publishing Education modernization New business formats for publishing

我國中小學(xué)數(shù)字教材的研發(fā)探索始于新世紀(jì)之初。近年來，隨著教育信息化的深入推進(jìn)[1]，特別是移動互聯(lián)、云計算、大數(shù)據(jù)、人工智能等新技術(shù)的快速發(fā)展和應(yīng)用，我國中小學(xué)數(shù)字教材開發(fā)不斷深入，從個別學(xué)科單品種開發(fā)到全學(xué)科、全學(xué)段的全面開發(fā)，從紙質(zhì)教材數(shù)字化（PDF）的簡易版到多媒體、交互性、大數(shù)據(jù)的綜合功能版，從最初的個別出版社涉足到多家出版社、科技企業(yè)和教研單位參與。與此同時，中小學(xué)數(shù)字教材也從小范圍的個別學(xué)校試用、實驗，向較大范圍和較大規(guī)模的應(yīng)用邁進(jìn)，涉及數(shù)以千萬計的中小學(xué)師生。

但不得不指出的是，目前中小學(xué)數(shù)字教材的定位不清晰、開發(fā)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)不統(tǒng)一，以及審查與監(jiān)管機制不完善、相關(guān)管理政策滯后等問題日益凸顯，嚴(yán)重影響中小學(xué)數(shù)字教材的開發(fā)和應(yīng)用效果，制約了中小學(xué)數(shù)字教材的健康有序發(fā)展。……