區(qū)塊鏈時(shí)代的學(xué)術(shù)評(píng)價(jià)創(chuàng)新研究

李媛

[摘 要] 學(xué)術(shù)期刊評(píng)價(jià)被輿論推至風(fēng)口浪尖，其面臨的最大問(wèn)題是評(píng)價(jià)指標(biāo)的局限性和評(píng)價(jià)結(jié)果的適用性。如何科學(xué)評(píng)價(jià)，合理運(yùn)用評(píng)價(jià)結(jié)果，是學(xué)術(shù)評(píng)價(jià)必須解決的關(guān)鍵問(wèn)題。區(qū)塊鏈技術(shù)因其不可篡改性、去中心化、智能合約、透明化等特征，適合運(yùn)用于學(xué)術(shù)評(píng)價(jià)改革?；趨^(qū)塊鏈已具備的功能和學(xué)術(shù)評(píng)價(jià)轉(zhuǎn)型的思路，可以初步設(shè)計(jì)基于區(qū)塊鏈技術(shù)的新型學(xué)術(shù)評(píng)價(jià)系統(tǒng)。基于區(qū)塊鏈技術(shù)的學(xué)術(shù)評(píng)價(jià)系統(tǒng)不僅能吸納真正的學(xué)術(shù)共同體作為評(píng)價(jià)主體，規(guī)避人情因素的干擾，還能通過(guò)時(shí)間戳實(shí)時(shí)確權(quán)，用代幣和獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)機(jī)制激勵(lì)同行評(píng)議，并且能結(jié)合定性評(píng)價(jià)和定量評(píng)價(jià)的優(yōu)勢(shì)，建構(gòu)可信度高的引證數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)，用數(shù)據(jù)即服務(wù)開發(fā)評(píng)價(jià)延伸產(chǎn)品，從而實(shí)現(xiàn)學(xué)術(shù)評(píng)價(jià)功能的轉(zhuǎn)型。

[關(guān)鍵詞] 學(xué)術(shù)期刊 學(xué)術(shù)評(píng)價(jià) 區(qū)塊鏈 數(shù)據(jù)即服務(wù) 學(xué)術(shù)服務(wù)

[中圖分類號(hào)] G231[文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼] A[文章編號(hào)] 1009-5853 （2020） 03-0074-07

[Abstract] Academic evaluation is pushed to the forefront by public opinion and the biggest problem it faces is the limitations of evaluation indicators and applicability of evaluation results. How to evaluate scientifically and how to make rational use of evaluation results are the key problems that must be solved in academic evaluation. Due to the characteristics of non-tampering， decentralization， intelligent contract and transparency， the block chain technology is suitable for academic evaluation reform. Based on the transformation of academic evaluation and the functions of block chain， this paper has constructed a new academic evaluation system. The new academic evaluation system that based on block chain technology can not only absorb the real academic community as the subject of evaluation， avoid the interference of human factors， but also can affirm authors rights through the time stamp. Whats more， it can motivate peer review by offering tokens and carring out incentive mechanism. It can combine the advantages of qualitative evaluation and quantitative evaluation， construct citation database with high credibility and then evaluate extended products with DaaS tactics， so as to realize the transformation of academic evaluation function.

[Key words] Academic journal Academic evaluation Block chain Data as a service（DaaS） Academic service

1 背 景

自專業(yè)學(xué)術(shù)評(píng)價(jià)機(jī)構(gòu)問(wèn)世以來(lái)，各類學(xué)術(shù)期刊排行榜層出不窮，學(xué)術(shù)評(píng)價(jià)也日益成為影響科研成果評(píng)定、基金項(xiàng)目資助、教師職稱評(píng)審，甚至是決定期刊命運(yùn)的重要風(fēng)向標(biāo)。然而，學(xué)術(shù)評(píng)價(jià)的科學(xué)性和合理性也開始為學(xué)界和期刊界所質(zhì)疑，其中爭(zhēng)論的焦點(diǎn)在于影響因子是否適合用于評(píng)價(jià)學(xué)術(shù)成果。在國(guó)內(nèi)認(rèn)可度較高的三大評(píng)價(jià)體系中，影響因子幾乎起到了決定性的作用，尤其是在最具公信力的學(xué)術(shù)評(píng)價(jià)機(jī)構(gòu)——南京大學(xué)中國(guó)社會(huì)科學(xué)研究評(píng)價(jià)中心的CSSCI索引中，最倚重的評(píng)價(jià)指標(biāo)就是影響因子。……